NILES

city, Berrien county, southwestern Michigan, U.S. It lies along the St. Joseph River, 10 miles (16 km) north of South Bend, Ind. It is the only locality in the state to have been under the control of France, Great Britain, Spain, and the United States. The site became a stagecoach stop between Chicago and Detroit and was permanently settled in 1828 and named for publisher Hezekiah Niles. It developed as a centre for the farm produce of the St. Joseph River valley. Inc. village, 1835; city, 1859. Pop. (1990) 12,458. city, Trumbull county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Mahoning River, 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Youngstown, and is a part of the Mahoning industrial complex. Ruben Harmon, the first white settler (1797), and others discovered deposits of coal, iron ore, and limestone there. James Heaton built a foundry and organized the Township of Heaton's Furnace (1806), which was renamed Nilestown in 1834 (shortened in 1843) to honour Hezekiah Niles, the influential Baltimore editor of the Niles' Weekly Register (181136). Industrialization was fostered by the railroads, which first arrived in 1856. The city's manufactures now include building materials, steel, lathes, and tools and dies. U.S. president William McKinley was born (1843) in Niles; the McKinley Memorial stands in the city centre. Inc. village, 1865; city, 1895. Pop. (1990) 21,128.