NURNBERG RALLY

German Nrnberger Parteitage (Nrnberg Party Days), any of the massive Nazi Party rallies held in 1923, 1927, and 1929 and annually from 1933 through 1938 in Nrnberg (Nuremberg) in Bavaria. The rallies were primarily propaganda events, carefully staged to reinforce Party enthusiasm and to showcase the power of National Socialism to the rest of Germany and the world. The first nationwide Party convention was held in Munich in January 1923, but in September of the same year the site was moved to Nrnberg, whose quaint medieval character provided an ideal backdrop for the nationalistic pageantry of the second Party congress. The first truly grand-scale rally was that of 1929 and featured most of the elements that marked all future rallies: blaring Wagnerian overtures, stirring martial songs, banners, goose-step marches, human swastika formations, torchlight processions, bonfires, and magnificent fireworks displays. Adolf Hitler and other Nazi leaders delivered lengthy orations. Buildings were festooned with enormous flags and Nazi insignia. The climax of the rallies was the solemn consecration of the colours, in which new flags were touched to the Blutfahne (Blood Banner), a tattered standard said to have been steeped in the blood of those killed in Hitler's abortive Beer Hall Putsch of 1923. The rallies usually were held in late August or September, lasted several days to a week, and drew hundreds of thousands of Party members and spectators, including hundreds of foreign journalists. The rallies included rousing speeches by the Fhrer which were often the occasion for the announcement of new Nazi directions. In 1935, for example, the racist Nrnberg Laws were promulgated against the Jews. Something of the emotional power generated by the rallies has been preserved in films, most notably in Leni Riefenstahl's classic Triumph des Willens (1935; Triumph of the Will), which captures the events of the 1934 rally. The so-called Peace Rally was cancelled for 1939 because of preparations for war against Poland.