OAKLEY, ANNIE

born Aug. 13, 1860, Darke county, Ohio, U.S. died Nov. 3, 1926, Greenville, Ohio original name Phoebe Ann Moses American markswoman who starred in Buffalo Bill's Wild West show, where she was often called Little Sure Shot. Phoebe Ann Moses early developed an amazing proficiency with firearms. As a child she hunted game with such success that, according to legend, by selling it in Cincinnati, Ohio, she was able to pay off the mortgage on the family farm. When she was 15 she won a shooting match in Cincinnati with Frank E. Butler, a vaudeville marksman. They were married (probably in 1876), and until 1885 they played vaudeville circuits and circuses as Butler and Oakley (she apparently took her professional name from a Cincinnati suburb). In April 1885, Annie Oakley, now under her husband's management, joined Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show. Billed as Miss Annie Oakley, the Peerless Lady Wing-Shot, she was one of the show's star attractions for 16 years, except for a brief period in 1887, when she was with the rival Pawnee Bill's Frontier Exhibition. Oakley never failed to delight her audiences, and her feats of marksmanship were truly incredible. At 30 paces she could split a playing card held edge-on, she hit dimes tossed into the air, she shot cigarettes from her husband's lips, and, a playing card being thrown into the air, she riddled it before it touched the ground (thus giving rise to the custom of referring to punched complimentary tickets as Annie Oakleys). She was a great success on the Wild West Show's European trips. In 1887 she was presented to Queen Victoria, and later in Berlin she performed her cigarette trick with, at his insistence, Crown Prince Wilhelm (later Kaiser Wilhelm II) holding the cigarette. A train wreck in 1901 left her partially paralyzed for a time, but she recovered and returned to the stage to amaze audiences for many more years. Additional reading Walter Havighurst, Annie Oakley of the Wild West (1954, reissued 1992); Shirl Kasper, Annie Oakley (1992); and Glenda Riley, The Life and Legacy of Annie Oakley (1994), cover Oakley's life and career. Isabelle S. Sayers, Annie Oakley and Buffalo Bill's Wild West (1981), contains many contemporary photographs.