PASADENA

city, Los Angeles county, California, U.S. It is located in the San Gabriel Valley, at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Once a part of Rancho San Pasqual, it was founded in 1874 by Thomas B. Elliott as Indiana Colony; the name Pasadena, a Chippewa word meaning crown of the valley, was adopted in 1875. The city's growth as a winter resort and citrus centre was stimulated by the Santa Fe Railroad, and subsequent freeway construction brought it within easy commuting distance to Los Angeles, which lies 12 miles (19 km) southwest. Pasadena's economy is partly based on the California Institute of Technology (1891), which includes the Jet Propulsion Laboratory operated in conjunction with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The city has become a centre of scientific research and light manufacturing, chiefly of precision instruments and electronic, aircraft, and missile components. Pasadena City College (1924), Pacific Oaks College (1945), and Art Center College of Design (1930) are located in the city, which is also the home of the Pasadena Playhouse. The Norton Simon Museum of Art (formerly Pasadena Art Institute and Pasadena Museum of Modern Art) is renowned for its collection, as is the Huntington Library in nearby San Marino. The New Year's Day Tournament of Roses, which was first introduced in the city in 1890, features a televised parade and the Rose Bowl football classic between the champion teams of West Coast and Midwestern U.S. universities. Inc. 1886. Pop. (1990) 131,591. city, Harris county, southeastern Texas, U.S. It borders Houston (west) between the Houston Ship Channel and the Clear Lake area. It was founded in 1895 by J.H. Burnett, and its Spanish name, meaning land of flowers, was inspired by blooming fields along Vince's Bayou. The city's rapid post-World War II growth was stimulated by adjacent industrial development, particularly petrochemicals and aerospace. Pasadena is the seat of San Jacinto College (1960) and the Texas Chiropractic College (1908). Inc. 1929. Pop. (1990) 119,363.