PASOLINI, PIER PAOLO

born March 5, 1922, Bologna, Italy died Nov. 2, 1975, Ostia, near Rome Italian motion-picture director, poet, and novelist, noted for his socially critical, stylistically unorthodox films. The son of an Italian army officer, Pasolini was educated in schools of the various cities of northern Italy where his father was successively posted. He attended the University of Bologna, studying art history and literature. Pasolini's stay of refuge among the oppressed peasantry of the Friuli region during World War II led to his later becoming a Marxist, albeit an unorthodox one. His poverty-stricken existence in Rome during the 1950s furnished the material for his first two novels, Ragazzi di vita (1955; The Ragazzi) and Una vita violenta (1959; A Violent Life). These brutally realistic depictions of the poverty and squalor of slum life in Rome were similar in character to his first film, Accattone (1961), and all three works dealt with the lives of thieves, prostitutes, and other denizens of the Roman underworld. Pasolini's best known film, Il Vangelo secondo Matteo (1964; The Gospel According to Saint Matthew), is an austere, documentary-style retelling of the life and martyrdom of Jesus Christ. The comic allegory Uccellacci e Uccellini (1966; The Hawks and the Sparrows) was followed by two films attempting to re-create ancient myths from a contemporary viewpoint, Oedipus Rex (1967) and Medea (1969). Pasolini's use of eroticism, violence, and depravity as vehicles for his political and religious speculations in such films as Teorema (1968; Theorem) and Porcile (1969; Pigsty) brought him into conflict with conservative elements of the Roman Catholic Church. He then ventured into medieval eroticism with Il Decamerone (1971) and The Canterbury Tales (1972). In addition to his motion pictures, Pasolini published numerous volumes of poetry and several works of literary criticism.