PAVIE, AUGUSTE (-JEAN-MARIE)

born 1847, Dinan, Fr. died 1925, Thourie French explorer and diplomat, who is best known for his explorations of the Upper Mekong Valley and for having almost single-handedly brought the kingdoms of Laos under French control. Pavie went to Cochinchina (now part of southern Vietnam) as a sergeant in the marines in 1869 and subsequently worked in the Post and Telegraphic Department, directing construction of telegraph lines between Phnom Penh, the Cambodian capital, and Bangkok, the capital of Siam, in 1879 and another between Phnom Penh and Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) in 1882. While working on the telegraph lines, he travelled throughout Siam, Cambodia, and Vietnam and gained an intimate knowledge of each country's customs and languages. The French government hoped to gain control of the Lao states of the Mekong River Valley and accredited Pavie to the Siamese government as vice consul in Luang Prabang (Louangphrabang; the former royal capital of Laos) in 1886. During the next five years he travelled throughout northern Laos, winning for France the friendship of local rulers and chiefs and frustrating Siamese attempts to bring order to the region, which was beset by marauding bands of Chinese freebooters (Ho or Haw). From 1891 to 1893 Pavie served as consul general in Bangkok and helped bring about the Franco-Siamese Conflict of 1893. Arguing that the Lao states intermittently had been vassals of Vietnam (though much longer dominated by Siam), and that France by taking control of Vietnam now succeeded to Vietnam's rights in Laos, Pavie justified military movements into the Lao states, thus provoking the crisis as a result of which all Lao states east of the Mekong River came under a French protectorate. Before returning to France, Pavie conducted an expedition, defining Laos' borders with China, and with Upper Burma, which the British had annexed in 1886. He wrote Mission Pavie: Indochine 18791895 (Paris, 18981919) and la conqute des coeurs (1921).