PETER CHRYSOLOGUS, SAINT

born c. 400, /406, Imola, near Ravenna died c. 450, Imola; feast day July 30 archbishop of Ravenna, whose orthodox discourses earned him the status of doctor of the church. The title Chrysologus (Golden Orator) was added to his name at a later date, probably to create a Western counterpart to the Eastern patriarch St. John Chrysostom. About 433 he became archbishop of Ravenna, where, with the aid of Galla Placidia, the mother of the Roman emperor Valentinian III, he promoted the construction of church buildings. He was a close friend of Pope St. Leo I the Great and was highly respected by the Western and Eastern churches for his orthodoxy. In 448 when the Eastern monk Eutyches was condemned for founding Eutychianism, an extreme form of Monophysitism teaching that Christ's nature was only human and not also divine, he appealed to Peter, whose reply withheld judgment but instructed Eutyches to be obedient to Leo. Many of Peter's homilies survive, including the letter to Eutyches. In the standard collection of 176 sermons made in the 8th century, however, several are not authentic. His short sermons stress the fundamental Christian doctrines and the duties of Christian life in keeping with the needs and ideals of the times. Peter was declared a doctor of the church by Pope Benedict XIII in 1729. G. Gann's Saint Peter Chrysologus: Selected Sermons appeared in 1953.