QUINTANA, MANUEL JOS

born April 11, 1772, Madrid died March 11, 1857, Madrid Spanish patriot and Neoclassical poet, esteemed by his countrymen for poems, pamphlets, and proclamations written during the War of Independence from Napoleon. Although he was once regarded as a great poet, Quintana's reputation has since steadily declined. After studying law at the University of Salamanca, he went to Madrid to begin his practice. Active in the Napoleonic Wars, he was imprisoned, after the return to Spain of Ferdinand VII, from 1814 to 1820. Released by the revolutionary forces, he later served as tutor to the future queen Isabella II, as director of public instruction, and finally as a senator. In 1855 he was crowned as the national poet by Queen Isabella. Quintana's poetry is extremely rhetorical and marked by patriotism and liberalism. The classic ode is his favourite form, and his work is completely untouched by the Romantic impulse. Quintana is also remembered for his Plutarchian portraits, Vidas de espaoles clebres, 2 vol. (1807, 1830; Lives of Famous Spaniards), for his highly regarded literary criticism collected in the anthologies Coleccin de poesas castellanas (Collected Castilian Poems) and Musa pica (Epic Muse), and also for his few tragedies.