RAIKIN, ARKADY ISAAKOVICH

born Oct. 11 [Oct. 24, New Style], 1911, Riga, Latvia, Russian Empire died Dec. 17, 1987 Soviet comedian and variety-show entertainer, among the most popular and respected Soviet humorists of the 20th century. After graduating from the Leningrad Theatrical Technicum in 1935, Raikin worked in both state theatres and variety shows (estradas) and in 1939 opened his own theatre, the Leningrad Theatre of the Estrada and the Miniature, where he offered homespun homilies and satirical skits (called miniatures). Over the years, he toured the Soviet Union and occasionally abroad but remained based in Leningrad (St. Petersburg) until 1984, when he moved his company to Moscow and reopened as the Satirikon theatre. In his comedy, Raikin deftly ridiculed bureaucracy, official rudeness and corruption, Soviet inefficiency, consumer shortages, political wariness, and various black-market and other daily devices for getting on in Soviet life. He used skits, monologues, and impersonations. Despite the sensitive subjects and despite his being a Jew in an anti-Semitic era, Raikin was lionized both popularly and officially, receiving the title People's Artist in 1968 and the highest civilian award, Hero of Socialist Labour, in 1981.