RICE, THOMAS DARTMOUTH

born May 20, 1808, New York City died Sept. 19, 1860, New York City popularly known as Jim Crow Rice and regarded as the father of the American minstrel show. Rice was an itinerant actor until his song and dance Jim Crow, first presented in Louisville in 1828, caught the public fancy and made him one of the most popular specialty performers of his day. Although he was not the first entertainer to impersonate a Negro, Rice created a vogue for such impersonations in both the United States and England through a series of extremely successful tours. He wrote and appeared in Ginger Blue, Jim Crow in London, and a burlesque of Othello. These engendered the stereotypes for the skits in the popular minstrel shows that evolved in the 1840s, primarily as a result of Rice's success. Rice died in poverty.