RINGLING BROTHERS

Elephants in three-ring performance from Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, 1970. original surname Rngeling family of American circus proprietors who created the Ringling Brothers circus empire in the late 19th century. The members active in founding and running the family's circus enterprises were all brothers: Albert C. (18521916), Otto (18581911), Alfred T. (18611919), Charles (18631926), John (18661936), and occasionally August G. (18541907) and Henry (18691918) Ringling. The sons of August Rngeling, a German-born harness maker, Charles, Albert, Otto, Alfred, and John in 1882 formed a song-and-dance troupe, the Classic and Comic Concert Co., and went on the road with it for two seasons. They began adding circus acts to their show, and in 1884 they organized their first small circus and opened it in their hometown, Baraboo, Wis., from which they toured the U.S. Midwest. Their progress was slow until they acquired their first elephant in 1888, after which the circus expanded rapidly. Charles was the guiding managerial force behind the circus for many years. In 1890 the Ringling Brothers first began loading their circus wagons on railway cars, enabling them to make a much longer tour. By 1900 the Ringling Brothers were actively competing with the Barnum & Bailey Circus, and they subsequently started buying up other circuses. They acquired the Forepaugh-Sells Circus in 1906, and, after Bailey's death in 1906, they bought the Barnum & Bailey Circus in 1907, thus becoming the leading circus in the country. After Charles' death in 1926, John ran the empire alone for 10 years. In 1929 he bought the American Circus Corporation, thus bringing a total of 11 major circuses under Ringling control. By this time the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus had a main-tent seating capacity of 10,000. John died in 1936, and the circus finally passed out of the Ringling family's hands in 1967. The Ringling Museum of the Circus is in Sarasota, Fla. Many of their original circus wagons have been restored and are exhibited at the Circus World Museum in Baraboo, Wis.