RISTIC, JOVAN

born Feb. 13, 1831, Kragujevac, Serbia died Sept. 5, 1899, Belgrade statesman who acted as regent of Serbia twice and served as Serbian prime minister four times (1867, 1875, 187781, 188788). After studying in France and at the University of Heidelberg, Ristic held his first important governmental post under Prince Michael Obrenovic as Serbia's representative in Constantinople (Istanbul) from 1861 to 1867, during which he negotiated the withdrawal of the last remaining Turkish garrisons in Serbia (1867). On the accession of the young prince Milan Obrenovic in 1868, Ristic served as second regent and was largely responsible for the promulgation of a new constitution (1869). When Milan reached his majority (1872), he made Ristic foreign minister and then prime minister. Ristic gained an international reputation as foreign minister on two more occasions (1875, 187678) by promoting an expansionist policy that he hoped would make Serbia the nucleus for a strong South Slav state. In the wars with Turkey, in 1876 and 187778, his expectations were raised by Russia's support as an ally, but Great Power intervention at the Congress of Berlin (1878) provided Serbia with no more than 3,860 square miles of new territory and a proclamation of complete independence from Turkey. As the acknowledged leader of the Liberal Party, Ristic formed his third government (187781). He was forced to resign when he refused to sign a trade agreement with Austria-Hungary that he believed would make Serbia economically dependent on that country. Returning to power as regent after Milan's abdication (March 1889) in favour of his son Alexander, Ristic worked to improve relations with Russia abroad and to counteract the influence of the rival Radical Party at home. When the Radicals backed King Alexander in his coup to declare his majority (April 1893), Ristic was dismissed as regent, and his opponents were entrusted with the government.