SABA, UMBERTO

born March 9, 1883, Trieste, Austria-Hungary [now in Italy] died Aug. 25, 1957, Gorizia, Italy original surname Poli Italian poet noted for his simple, lyrical autobiographical poems. Saba was raised by his Jewish mother in the ghetto of Trieste after his Christian father deserted them when Saba was an infant. From age 17 Saba developed his interest in poetry while working as a clerk and a cabin boy and serving as a soldier in World War I. He established his reputation as a poet with the publication of Il canzoniere (1921; The Songbook), which was revised and enlarged in 1945, 1948, and 1961. Storia e cronistoria del canzoniere (1948; History and Chronicle of the Songbook), published at the time of the second revision, is a work of self-criticism that reveals the author's desire for fame. Saba's formative poetry, written in the first two decades of the century, was influenced by Petrarch, Gabriele D'Annunzio, Giacomo Leopardi, and Giosu Carducci. The notable poems from his early period include A mia moglie (To My Wife), La Capra (The Goat), and Trieste. In the middle phase of his career, throughout the 1920s, he wrote in a Freudian vein on such topics as desire and childhood memories. The poetry of his final phase was largely reflective, characterized by the poems Avevo (Ashes), Felicit (Happiness), and Ulisse (Ulysses).