SCHIMPER, ANDREAS FRANZ WILHELM

born May 12, 1856, Strasbourg, Fr. died Sept 9, 1901, Basel, Switz. German botanist, one of the first to successfully divide the continents into floral regions. Schimper received the Ph.D. from the University of Strasbourg in 1878. After a year (188081) as a fellow at Johns Hopkins University, in Baltimore, he returned to Europe and joined the staff of Bonn University, where he remained until 1898. From 1898 to 1901 he was a professor at the University of Basel. He travelled extensively in Brazil, Java, East Africa, and the Canary Islands, investigating the tropical plants he found there. In 1898 the results of his work and that of other botanists were published in Pflanzen-Geographie auf physiologischer Grundlage (1898; Plant-Geography upon a Physiological Basis, 1903), a climatological and physiological study of the world's vegetation. The first section of the book treats factors that affect plant life, the second gives his classification of world vegetation, and the third contains a systematic account of this vegetation. The book also described the way in which plants spread to new areas and the unexpected stability of plant territories. In 1880 Schimper established the fact that starch is both a source of stored energy for plants and a product of photosynthesis. In 1881 he showed that starch grains are formed within certain bodies of the cells of plants; in 1883 he named these bodies chloroplasts. That year he also concluded that new chloroplasts arise only from the division of preexisting ones.