SCHUMANN, CLARA

ne Clara Josephine Wieck born Sept. 13, 1819, Leipzig, Saxony died May 20, 1896, Frankfurt am Main, Ger. German pianist, composer, and wife of composer Robert Schumann. Encouraged by her father, she studied piano from the age of five and by 1835 had established a reputation throughout Europe as a child prodigy. In 1838 she was honoured by the Austrian court and also was elected to the prestigious Society of the Friends of Music (Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde) in Vienna. Despite strong objections from her father, she married Schumann in 1840, and they had eight children between 1841 and 1854. Though family responsibilities curtailed her career, she taught at the Leipzig Conservatory, composed, and toured frequently. Beginning in 1853 the Schumanns developed a close professional and personal friendship with the composer Johannes Brahms that Clara maintained after her husband's death in 1856. She edited the collected edition of her husband's works (published 188193). Her own compositions include works for orchestra (among them a piano concerto), chamber music, songs, and many character pieces for solo piano.