SHEPARD, FRANCIS P(ARKER)

born May 10, 1897, Brookline, Mass., U.S. died April 25, 1985, La Jolla, Calif. American marine geologist whose pioneering surveys of submarine canyons off the coast of California near La Jolla marked the beginning of Pacific marine geology. Shepard studied geology at Harvard under R.A. Daly and at the University of Chicago (Ph.D., 1922). Most of Shepard's professional life was spent at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, where he was appointed professor of submarine geology in 1948. Central to his research was the search for an explanation of the origin of submarine canyons. His series of observations of depth changes (begun in the early 1950s) at the head of submarine canyons gave concrete evidence, although not positive proof, of their formation by turbidity currents (submarine flows of muddy suspensions) and sediment slumping. Among his principal works are Submarine Geology (1948) and, with R.F. Dill, Submarine Canyons and Other Sea Valleys (1966).