SIBIRYAKOV, ALEKSANDR MIKHAYLOVICH

born Sept. 26 [Oct. 8, New Style], 1849, Irkutsk, Siberia, Russian Empire died 1893 Sibiryakov also spelled Sibiriakov Russian gold-mine proprietor, who was noted for both his financing of explorations in Siberia and for his own expeditions in the area. Sibiryakov was a graduate of a polytechnic school in Zrich. A wealthy man, he financed the scientific expeditions of the Swedish explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskild (187879) and the Russian explorer A.V. Grigoryev (187980) into the polar regions and facilitated the publication of works on Siberian history. In 1880 he made his first exploratory expeditionon the Kara Sea. In 1884, in his most famous trek, he sailed in a steamer to the mouth of the Pechora River, traveled by reindeer eastward to and across the Ural Mountains, and followed the Tobol River to Tobolsk, the traditional stepping-off point to Siberia. This route, later much traveled, became known as Sibiryakov's Route to the North. An island in the Kara Sea is named for him. A famous icebreaker, built in 1909 in Glasgow and named the Sibiryakov after purchase by Russia in 1916, was used in both World Wars (being sunk by a German cruiser in 1942) and was the first ship to make a nonstop voyage across the North from the White Sea to the Bering Sea (1932).