SIENA, UNIVERSITY OF

Italian Universit Degli Studi Di Siena, coeducational autonomous state institution of higher learning at Siena, in central Italy. Like many other Italian universities, Siena was founded (1240) as a result of a 13th-century migration of students from the University of Bologna, which it emulated as a studium generale, accepting scholars from all parts of Europe and conferring a generally recognized degree. Unlike Bologna and other offshoots of Bologna, however, Siena was not completely controlled by the students; the university masters acted as a board of examiners to license students who intended to teach the arts or medicine. The university's charter was confirmed by Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II in 1248 and by Pope Innocent IV in 1252. In 1859 it became a state institution. The university now has faculties of jurisprudence; medicine and surgery; mathematics, physics, and natural sciences; pharmacy; economics; education; and letters and philosophy.