SKIMMER

any of three species of water birds that constitute the family Rynchopidae in the order Charadriiformes. The skimmer is distinguished by a unique bladelike bill, the lower mandible of which is one-third longer than the upper mandible. By day the skimmer rests onshore, and at twilight the bird feeds, skimming calm, shallow water with the bill tip submerged; when a fish or crustacean is encountered, the upper mandible snaps down. Skimmers nest in small colonies, laying three to five eggs. The young are fed by regurgitation until the mandibles assume their adult form. Black skimmer (Rynchops nigra) Skimmers are found chiefly in estuaries and along wide rivers in warm regions. The three species are dark above and white below, with white face and forehead. The short legs and the bill are red, and the long narrow wings are black. The largest skimmer is the black skimmer (Rynchops nigra; see photograph) of America, which grows to 50 cm (20 inches) long. The African skimmer (R. flavirostris) and the Indian skimmer (R. albicollis) are smaller.