SPOHR, LOUIS

born April 5, 1784, Brunswick, Brunswick died Oct. 22, 1859, Kassel, Hesse original name Ludwig Spohr German violinist, composer, and conductor whose compositions illustrate an early aspect of the Romantic period in German music. Spohr taught himself composition by studying the scores of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He studied violin with the leader of the Brunswick orchestra and in 1802 with Franz Eck, who took him on a tour of Russia. He toured Italy with the great violin virtuoso Niccol Paganini and in 1817 became conductor of the opera in Frankfurt am Main. In 1820 Spohr made the first of his six tours of England. He became court conductor at Kassel in 1821. In his later years his political radicalism incurred the displeasure of his patron, the elector of Hesse-Kassel, who pensioned him in 1857. Shortly afterward, he broke his left arm and was no longer able to play the violin. Though opposed to the forward-looking composers of his timehe disliked the works of Carl Maria von Weber and the late works of Ludwig van BeethovenSpohr regarded Richard Wagner's music highly and conducted The Flying Dutchman and Tannhuser. Spohr's 11 operas include Faust (1816), one of the earliest German Romantic operas, and Jessonda. Of his nine symphonies, the fourth, Die Weihe der Tne (The Consecration of Sound), was the most successful. He also wrote 15 violin concerti (of which No. 8 continues to be performed), 34 string quartets, 4 double string quartets, and a nonet. A selection of his works was published from 1949 onward at Kassel, where in 1954 a society to propagate his music, the Spohr-Gesellschaft, was founded.