STATISTICS: ARMENIA

Armenia Official name: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun (Republic of Armenia). Form of government: unitary multiparty republic with a single legislative body (National Assembly ). Head of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Yerevan. Official language: Armenian. Official religion: none{1}. Monetary unit{2}: 1 dram = 100 lumas; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) official, 1 U.S.$ = 502.38 drams; 1 = 855.30 drams. Demography Population (1998): 3,800,000 (de jure); c. 3,000,000 (de facto){3}. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 330.9, persons per sq km 127.8. Urban-rural (1995): urban 67.6%; rural 32.4%. Sex distribution (1994): male 48.42%; female 51.58%. Age breakdown (1993): under 15, 30.1%; 15-29, 24.4%; 30-44, 22.4%; 45-59, 12.3%; 60-74, 8.6%; 75 and over, 2.2%. Population projection: (2000) 3,827,000; (2010) 3,796,000. Doubling time: n.a.; doubling time exceeds 100 years. Ethnic composition (1989): Armenian 93.3%; Azerbaijani 2.6%; other 4.1%. Religious affiliation (1995): Armenian Apostolic 64.5%; other Christian 1.3%; other (mostly nonreligious) 34.2%. Major cities (1991): Yerevan 1,283,000; Gyumri 163,000{4}; Kirovakan 76,000{4}. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 13.3 (world avg. 25.0); (1993) legitimate 86.0%; illegitimate 14.0%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 6.5 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 6.8 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1994): 2.0. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 4.2. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 0.8. Life expectancy at birth (1994): male 67.0 years; female 73.7 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1993): circulatory diseases 395.6; cancers 78.6; respiratory diseases 38.3; accidents and violence 24.2. National economy Budget (1995). Revenue: 103,834,000,000 drams (tax revenue 64.0%, of which enterprise profits tax 23.0%, value-added tax 16.4%, payroll tax 10.3%, income tax 6.6%, other taxes 7.7%; grants 18.3%; nontax 17.7%). Expenditures: 155,492,000,000 drams (current expenditures 75.6%, of which pensions and social welfare 16.0%, interest 10.4%, wages 8.7%, health and education 8.3%, other 32.3%{5}; capital expenditure and net lending 24.4%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$434,100,000. Land use (1994): forest 13.4%; pasture 23.1%; agriculture 20.1%; other 43.4%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$2,387,000,000 (U.S.$630 per capita). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): potatoes 423,163, tomatoes 180,361, wheat 168,000, grapes 158,200, apples 118,000, barley 105,000; livestock (number of live animals) 561,000 sheep and goats, 496,500 cattle, 79,000 pigs, 2,700,000 poultry; roundwood (1991) 44,100 cu m; fish catch (1995) 4,500. Mining and quarrying (1995): copper 10,000,000; perlite 200,000; molybdenum 5,000. Manufacturing (value in '000,000 drams; 1994): machine-building and metalworking equipment 18,436; food products 13,842; chemicals 5,330; metals 5,259; construction materials 3,154; textiles 2,500; leather products 2,335. Construction (1995): 284,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1995) 5,560,000,000 (5,674,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) none (36,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (1,195,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) none (356,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) none (883,773,000). Population economically active (1995): total 1,562,000; activity rate of total population 41.5% (1994; participation rates: ages 16-59 , 16-54 75.4%; female 45.0%; unemployed 4.3%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1989) 4.7; income per household (1994) 47,352 drams (U.S.$153); sources of income (1994): wages and salaries 52.3%, agricultural income 7.7%, other 40.0%; expenditure (1994): goods and services 78.0%, taxes and payments to government 22.0%. Foreign trade Imports (1995): U.S.$672,900,000 (food products 33.4%, mineral products 33.1%, jewelry 4.3%, other 29.2%). Major import sources: former Soviet Union (FSU) 49.6%, of which Russia 19.9%, Turkmenistan 19.2%, other FSU 10.6%; non-FSU 50.4%, of which U.S., Iran, France, and Belgium are the biggest sources. Exports (1995): U.S.$270,900,000 (jewelry 33.1%, machinery and equipment 14.7%, mineral products 10.6%). Major export destinations: FSU 61.7%, of which Russia 32.6%, Turkmenistan 25.3%, other FSU 3.8%; non-FSU 38.3%, of which Iran 13.0%, Belgium 11.3%, Germany 3.7%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1996): length 515 mi, 829 km; (1995) passenger-mi 196,000,000, passenger-km 316,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 3,345,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 4,884,000,000. Roads (1996): length 4,600 mi, 7,500 km (paved 98%). Vehicles (1991): passenger cars 2,782, trucks and buses 12,034. Air transport (1990): passenger-mi 3,453,000,000, passenger-km 5,556,900,000; short ton-mi cargo 34,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 49,000,000; airports (1997) 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1989). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: primary education or no formal schooling 7.4%; some secondary 18.6%; completed secondary and some postsecondary 57.7%; higher 13.8%. Literacy (1989): total population age 15 and over literate 98.8%; males literate 99.4%; females literate 98.1%. Health (1994): physicians 13,000 (1 per 288 persons); hospital beds 30,000 (1 per 125 persons); infant mortality rate 14.7. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): c. 58,600 (army 100%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 0.9% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$23. {1} The constitution provides for the right to practice the religion of one's choice. In practice, the law imposes restrictions on religious freedom. The 1991 Law on Religious Organizations establishes the separation of church and state, but recognizes the Armenian Apostolic Church (the Armenian Orthodox Church) as having special status. The law requires all nonapostolic religious denominations to register with the Ministry of Justice and prohibits proselytizing. {2} The Armenian dram was introduced on Nov. 22, 1993, to replace the Russian ruble, at a rate of 200 Russian rubles to 1 dram. {3} About 1/5 of Armenia's population has left the country since 1993 because of an energy crisis. {4} 1989; reduced in population by evacuation following Dec. 7, 1988, earthquake. {5} 1993-94.