STATISTICS: BRAZIL

Brazil Official name: Repblica Federativa do Brasil (Federative Republic of Brazil). Form of government: multiparty federal republic with 2 legislative houses (Senate ; Chamber of Deputies ). Chief of state and government: President. Capital: Braslia. Official language: Portuguese. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 real{1} = 100 centavos; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 1.18 reais; 1 = 2.01 reais. Demography Population (1998): 161,766,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 49.0, persons per sq km 18.9. Urban-rural (1995){2}: urban 79.0%; rural 21.0%. Sex distribution (1995){2}: male 48.99%; female 51.01%. Age breakdown (1995){2}: under 15, 32.2%; 15-29, 26.9%; 30-44, 20.6%; 45-59, 11.9%; 60 and over, 8.4%. Population projection: (2000) 165,561,000; (2010) 181,918,000. Doubling time: 60 years. Racial composition (1995){2}: white 54.4%; mulatto and mestizo 40.1%; black and black/Amerindian 4.9%; Asian 0.5%, Amerindian 0.1%. Religious affiliation (1995): Catholic 74.3%{3}, of which Roman Catholic 72.3%{3}; Protestant 23.2%, of which Pentecostal 19.1%; other Christian 0.9%; other 1.6%. Major cities (1991){4} and metropolitan areas/urban agglomerations (1995): So Paulo 9,393,753 (16,417,000{5}); Rio de Janeiro 5,473,909 (9,888,000{5}); Salvador 2,070,296 (2,819,000{5}); Belo Horizonte 1,529,566 (3,899,000{5}); Braslia 1,492,542 (1,778,000{6}); Recife 1,296,995 (3,168,000{5}); Porto Alegre 1,237,223 (3,349,000{5}); Manaus 1,005,634 (1,189,000{6}); Goinia 912,136 (1,033,000{6}); Curitiba 841,882 (2,270,000{5}); Belm 765,476 (1,574,000{5}); Campinas 748,076 (1,607,000{6}); Fortaleza 743,335 (2,660,000{5}). Place of birth/national origin (1991): native-born Brazilians 99.47%; naturalized citizens 0.11%; foreigners 0.42%. Families (1990){2}. Average family size 3.9; 1-2 persons 26.2%, 3 persons 21.3%, 4 persons 21.5%, 5-6 persons 22.3%, 7 or more persons 8.7%. Emigration: Emigration for economic opportunity accelerated in the 1980s. By 1995 it was officially estimated that 1-2.5 million Brazilians lived outside of Brazil. Emigrants' most popular destinations in order of preference are the United States, Japan, and the United Kingdom. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 20.8 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 11.6 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 2.3. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1994): 5.0. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1994): 0.6. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 56.7 years; female 66.8 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1994){7}: diseases of the circulatory system 238; accidents, murder, and violence 104; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 94; diseases of the respiratory system 79; endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disorders 45; infectious and parasitic diseases 41; birth trauma and other conditions originating in the perinatal period 37; diseases of the digestive system 36; ill-defined conditions 147. Social indicators Educational attainment (1995){2}. Percentage of population age 10 and over having: no formal schooling or less than one year of primary education 16.2%; incomplete primary 55.9%; complete primary 7.6%; incomplete secondary 4.6%; complete secondary 9.1%; incomplete undergraduate 2.4%; complete undergraduate 3.9%; unknown 0.3%. Quality of working life. Annual estimated rate per 100,000 insured workers (1990) for: on-the-job injury 2,032; industrial illness 17; death 4. Proportion of labour force participating in national social insurance system (1990): 50.1%. Proportion of formally employed population receiving minimum wage (1993): 25.0%. Access to services (1995){2}. Proportion of households having access to: electricity 91.7%, of which urban households having access 98.6%, rural households having access 62.9%; safe public (piped) water supply 71.3%, of which urban households having access 85.4%, rural households having access 11.6%; public (piped) sewage system 39.5%, of which urban household having access 48.2%, rural households having access 3.2%; no sewage disposal 11.4%, of which urban households having no disposal 3.5%, rural households having no disposal 40.9%. Social participation. Voting is mandatory for national elections; in the October 1994 elections blank or otherwise invalid ballots accounted for as many as 15% of all votes cast. Trade union membership in total workforce (1991): 16,748,155. Practicing Roman Catholic population in total affiliated Roman Catholic population (1990): 25%. Social deviance (1990). The incidence of crime is not accurately reported. Crimes resulting in imprisonment: 159,071, of which murder 7.3%, assault 11.0%, theft, burglary, and housebreaking 26.6%, robbery and extortion 12.2%, narcotics trafficking 6.3%, narcotics usage 4.5%. Suicide: 5,142. Leisure. Favourite leisure activities include: playing soccer, dancing, rehearsing all year in neighbourhood samba groups for celebrations of Carnival, and competing in water sports, volleyball, and basketball. Material well-being (1995){2}. Households possessing: telephone 22.3%, of which urban 26.7%, rural 3.5%; colour television receiver 60.9%, of which urban 69.8%, rural 23.3%; refrigerator 74.8%, of which urban 83.4%, rural 38.7%; washing machine 26.6%, of which urban 31.2%, rural 7.3%. National economy Gross national product (1996): U.S.$709,591,000,000 (U.S.$4,400 per capita). Budget. Revenue (1995): R$320,178,000,000 (development receipts 62.6%, of which credits 58.4%; current receipts 37.4%, of which social contributions 19.3% [including social security 9.2%], taxes 13.3%). Expenditures: R$320,178,000,000 (administration and planning 59.5%; social welfare 13.9%; regional development 6.0%; health and sanitation 4.9%; agriculture 3.1%; education 2.7%; defense and public order 2.6%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$94,587,000,000. Production ('000 metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 324,414, corn (maize) 32,011, cassava 24,569, soybeans 23,171, oranges 21,848, rice 10,039, bananas 5,738, wheat 3,277, dry beans 2,776, potatoes 2,656, tomatoes 2,650, papayas 2,200, coffee 1,264, cashew apples 1,250, pineapples 1,052, seed cotton 1,032, coconuts 984, onions 944, tangerines 760{8}, grapes 731, sweet potatoes 655, apples 653, cottonseed 650, lemons and limes 495, tobacco 476, mangoes 435, cotton lint 360, sorghum 310, cacao beans 313, cashews 187, peanuts (groundnuts) 154, mat 150, sisal 133, palm oil 76, garlic 57, castor beans 48, natural rubber 30, brazil nuts 25; livestock (number of live animals) 165,000,000 cattle, 36,600,000 pigs, 18,000,000 sheep, 6,300,000 horses; roundwood (1995) 220,263,000 cu m, of which fuelwood 114,052,000 cu m, sawlogs and veneer logs 47,779,000 cu m, pulpwood 30,701,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 800, of which freshwater fishes 202. Mining and quarrying (value of export production in U.S.$'000,000; 1996): iron ore 2,668; semifinished copper 165; ferroniobium 153; bauxite 115; granite 97; semifinished tin 68; kaolin (clay) 65; manganese 55; asbestos 35; gemstones (1994) 27; gold production for both domestic use and export 1,833,000 troy oz; Brazil is also a world-leading producer of high-quality grade quartz and tantalum. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): food products 19,450; transport equipment 16,050; paints, soaps, drugs, and medicines 15,600; electrical machinery 12,350; nonelectrical machinery 11,600; industrial chemicals 11,000; iron and steel 8,800; textiles 7,100; fabricated metals 6,000; cement, bricks, and tiles 5,700; paper and paper products 5,250. Construction (authorized{9}; 1987): residential 20,090,000 sq m; nonresidential 8,180,000 sq m. Land use (1994): forested 57.7%; meadows and pastures 21.9%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 6.0%; other 14.4%. Population economically active (1993){2}: total 70,965,378; activity rate of total population 47.9% (participation rates: ages 15-59, 72.7%; female 39.6%; unemployed [May 1996] 5.9%{10}{11}). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$2,171,000,000; expenditures U.S.$4,245,000,000. Family income and expenditure (1993). Average family size 3.7{2}; annual income per family Cr$608,364 (U.S.$2,178{2}{12}); sources of income (1987-88){13}; wages and salaries 62.4%, self-employed 14.7%, transfers 10.9%, other 12.0%; expenditure (1987-88){13}; food and beverages 25.3%, housing, energy, and household furnishings 21.3%, transportation and communications 15.0%, clothing and footwear 12.9%, health care 9.1%. Foreign trade Imports (1995): U.S.$49,621,000,000 (nonelectrical and electrical machinery and apparatus 27.7%, chemicals and chemical products 12.7%, mineral fuels 12.5%, transport equipment 11.9%). Major import sources: United States 23.9%; Argentina 11.0%; Germany 10.4%; Italy 5.5%; Japan 5.1%; France 2.7%; South Korea 2.4%; Saudi Arabia 2.3%; Canada 2.2%; Chile 2.2%. Exports (1995): U.S.$46,506,000,000 (iron and steel 8.7%, nonelectrical machinery and apparatus 8.5%, mineral ores 5.9%, motor vehicles 5.9%, wood pulp, paper, and paper products 5.9%, coffee 4.4%, refined sugar and confectionery 4.3%, aluminum and related products 3.3%, electrical machinery and apparatus 3.2%, footwear and other leather products 3.2%). Major export destinations: United States 18.7%; Argentina 8.7%; Japan 6.7%; The Netherlands 6.3%; Germany 4.6%; Italy 3.7%; Belgium 3.4%; United Kingdom 2.9%; Paraguay 2.8%; Chile 2.6%. Transport Transport. Railroads: route length (1995) 18,578 mi, 29,899 km; passenger-mi 9,009,000,000, passenger-km 14,498,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 93,455,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 136,442,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 1,205,000 mi, 1,939,000 km (paved 9%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 12,000,000; trucks and buses 3,160,689. Air transport (1996){14}: passenger-mi 22,471,000,000, passenger-km 36,164,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 1,118,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 1,632,000,000; airports (1995) with scheduled flights 139. Education and health Literacy (1995){15}: total population age 15 and over literate 91,100,000 (83.3%); males literate 45,200,000 (83.3%); females literate 45,900,000 (83.2%). Health: physicians (1993) 222,658 (1 per 681 persons); hospital beds (1993) 509,270 (1 per 298 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 55.3. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,834 (vegetable products 81%, animal products 19%); 119% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 295,000 (army 66.0%, navy 17.0%, air force 17.0%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.7% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$68. {1} The real (R$) replaced the cruzeiro real (CR$) on July 1, 1994, at a rate of 2,750 cruzeiros reais to 1 real (a rate par to the U.S.$ on that date). Previously, the cruzeiro real replaced the cruzeiro (Cr$) at a rate of 1,000 cruzeiros to 1 cruzeiro real on Aug. 2, 1993; the cruzeiro replaced the new cruzado (NCz$) at a rate of 1 to 1 on March 16, 1990; and the new cruzado replaced the (old) cruzado (Cz$) at a rate of 1,000 (old) to 1 new on Jan. 15, 1989. {2} Excludes rural population of Acre, Amap, Amazonas, Par, Rondnia, and Roraima. {3} Includes syncretic Afro-Catholic cults having Spiritist beliefs and rituals. {4} Revised preliminary census. {5} Officially defined metropolitan area. {6} Officially defined urban agglomeration. {7} Projected rates based on about 67% of total deaths. {8} Includes mandarin oranges, satsuma oranges, and clementines. {9} Urban construction only for 74 cities. {10} Six largest metropolitan regions only. {11} Excludes workers in the extremely large informal sector. {12} Based on end-of-year exchange rate. {13} Based on 10,408,833 families in Brazil's nine largest metropolitan regions. {14} TAM, Transbrasil, VARIG, and VASP airlines only. {15} By official estimate; functional literacy, however, may be as low as 42% of total population over age 15.