STATISTICS: CANADA

Canada Official name: Canada. Form of government: federal multiparty parliamentary state with two legislative houses (Senate ; House of Commons ). Chief of state: Queen of Canada (British Monarch). Representative of chief of state: Governor-General. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Ottawa. Official languages: English; French. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 Canadian dollar (Can$) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Can$1.51; 1 = Can$2.57. Demography Population (1998): 30,677,000. Density (1998){1}: persons per sq mi 8.6, persons per sq km 3.3. Urban-rural (1996): urban 77.9%; rural 22.1%. Sex distribution (1997): male 49.53%; female 50.47%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 19.8%; 15-29, 20.7%; 30-44, 25.5%; 45-59, 17.7%; 60-74, 11.0%; 75 and over, 5.3%. Population projection: (2000) 31,472,000; (2010) 35,065,000. Doubling time: not applicable; doubling time exceeds 100 years. Ethnic origin (1991): French 22.8%; British 20.8%; German 3.4%; Italian 2.8%; Chinese 2.2%; Amerindian and Inuktitut (Eskimo) 1.7%; Ukrainian 1.5%; Dutch 1.3%; multiple origin and other 435%{2}. Religious affiliation (1991): Roman Catholic 45.2%; Protestant 36.4%; Eastern Orthodox 1.9%; Jewish 1.2%; Muslim 0.9%; Buddhist 0.6%; Hindu 0.6%; nonreligious 12.5%; other 0.7%. Major metropolitan areas (1996): Toronto 4,263,757; Montreal 3,326,510; Vancouver 1,831,665; Ottawa-Hull 1,010,498; Edmonton 862,597; Calgary 821,628; Quebec 671,889; Winnipeg 667,209; Hamilton 624,360; London 398,616. Place of birth (1991): 84.6% native-born; 15.4% foreign-born, of which United Kingdom 2.6%, other European 5.9%, Asian countries 3.8%, United States 0.9%, other 2.2%. Mobility (1991). Population living in the same residence as in 1986: 53.3%; different residence, same municipality 23.2%; same province, different municipality 15.9%; different province 3.9%; different country 3.7%. Households (1995). Total number of households 11,243,000. Average household size 2.6; 1 person 24.9%, 2 persons 32.9%, 3 persons 16.5%, 4 persons 16.8%, 5 or more persons 8.9%. Family households (1995): 7,879,700 (70.1%), nonfamily 3,363,300 (29.1%, of which 1 person 83.3%). Immigration (1994): permanent immigrants admitted 223,875, from Hong Kong 19.7%, Philippines 8.5%, India 7.7%, China 5.6%, Taiwan 3.3%, Sri Lanka 3.0%, United States 2.8%, Vietnam 2.8%, United Kingdom 2.7%; refugee arrivals 19,089. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 12.5 (world avg. 25.0); (1985) legitimate 83.8%; illegitimate 16.2%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 7.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 5.3 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1993): 1.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 5.4. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 2.7. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 74.9 years; female 81.2 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1994): diseases of the circulatory system 247.1; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 196.0; diseases of the respiratory system 55.4; accidents and violence 42.5 (including suicide 12.8). Social indicators Educational attainment (1991). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 1.0%; less than complete primary education 4.0%; complete primary 11.7%; lower-level secondary 34.3%; upper-level secondary 27.7%; postsecondary 21.4%; graduates by level (1987): 4-year higher degree 101,960, master's 15,790, doctorate 2,385. Quality of working life (1995). Average workweek: 38.4 hours. Annual rate per 100,000 workers for (1990): injury, accident, or industrial illness 3,320; death 5.1{3}. Average days lost to labour stoppages per 1,000 employee-workdays (1995): 0.5. Average duration of journey to work (1983): 23 minutes{4} (automobile 72.8%, public transportation 17.3%, other 9.9%). Rate per 1,000 workers of discouraged (unemployed no longer seeking work; 1983): 10.5. Access to services (1990). Proportion of households having access to: electricity 100.0%; public water supply 99.8%; public sewage collection 99.3%. Social participation. Eligible voters participating in last national election (June 1997): c. 70%. Population over 18 years of age participating in voluntary work (1987): 27.0%. Union membership in total workforce (1992): 29.7%. Practicing religious population in total affiliated population (1991): 87.6%. Social deviance (1994). Offense rate per 100,000 population for: violent crime 1,037, of which assault 8.8{5}, sexual assault 111.0{5}, homicide 1.8; property crime 5,212, of which auto theft 546, burglary 1,326. Incidence per 100,000 in general population of: alcoholism 2,285; drug abuse 258. Leisure (1992). Favourite leisure activities (hours weekly): television 15.3; social time 12.7; reading 3.5; sports and entertainment 0.9. Material well-being (1995). Households possessing: automobile 74.5%, of which two or more 21.7%; telephone 98.5%; radio 98.9%; colour television 98.5%; refrigerator 99.7%; central air conditioner 24.6%{6}; cable television 73.4%; video recorder 82.1%; microwave oven 83.4%. National economy Gross national product (1996): U.S.$569,899,000,000 (U.S.$19,020 per capita). Budget (1995-96). Revenue: Can$145,453,000,000 (individual income taxes 45.1%, value-added tax 15.2%, corporate income tax 9.9%, import duties 2.6%). Expenditures: Can$177,703,000,000 (1995-96; social services 32.5%, public debt interest 26.9%, defense 8.2%, health 4.7%, education 2.9%). National debt (1996): Can$569,691,000,000. Tourism (1996): receipts U.S.$8,811,500,000; expenditures U.S.$11,168,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): wheat 23,024,000, barley 13,590,000, corn (maize) 7,000,000, rapeseed 6,089,000, potatoes 3,800,000, oats 3,475,000, soybeans 2,820,000, vegetables 2,098,883 (of which tomatoes 500,590, carrots 330,920, onions 174,051, cabbage 143,000), dry peas 1,690,000, linseed 1,115,000, sugar beets 1,030,000, apples 560,000; livestock (number of live animals) 12,767,300 cattle, 12,223,700 pigs, 622,300 sheep, 350,000 horses; roundwood (1996) 188,432,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 1,010,582. Mining and quarrying (1996): iron ore 36,030,000; zinc 1,187,829; copper 655,891; lead 246,083; nickel 184,548; uranium 11,448; molybdenum 8,845; silver 1,228 kg; gold 164.1 kg. Manufacturing (value-added in Can$'000,000{7}; 1996): transportation equipment 16,181.7; electrical products 12,570.7; food 10,556.6; chemical products 8,159.1; paper products 7,755.9; metal products 6,467.8; wood products 5,371.4; printing and publishing 4,288.8; rubber and plastic products 3,890.4; machinery 3,797.0; wearing apparel 2,079.0; textile 2,008.3; furniture 1,774.7. Construction (value-added in Can$'000,000{7}; 1996): residential 6,683.8; nonresidential 20,001.7. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 554,186,000,000 (510,272,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) 72,824,000 (52,229,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) 638,633,000 (507,557,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 87,161,000 (77,264,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 148,129,000,000 (78,223,000,000). Population economically active (1996): total 15,145,400; activity rate of total population 50.5% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 64.8%; female 45.2%{8}; unemployed 9.7%). Household income and expenditure (1995). Average household size 2.6; average annual income per family (1994) Can$54,153 (U.S.$39,655); sources of income (1995): wages and salaries 57.0%, transfer payments 20.7%, property and entrepreneurial income 13.7%, profits 8.6%; expenditure (1992): housing 24.7%{9}, food 15.5%, transp. and commun. 15.3%, household durable goods 9.1%, recreation 8.4%, clothing 5.1%, health 4.3%, education 3.0%. Land use (1994): forested 53.6%; meadows and pastures 3.0%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 4.9%; built-on, wasteland, and other 38.5%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): Can$239,576,900,000 (machinery and transport equipment 53.4%, of which motor vehicles 21.4%; food, feed, beverages, and tobacco 11.8%; petroleum and energy products 4.0%; forestry products 0.8%). Major import sources: U.S. 67.4%; Japan 4.5%; Mexico 2.5%; U.K. 2.5%; Germany 2.1%; China 2.1%; France 1.5%; Italy 1.2%; South Korea 1.2%. Exports (1996): Can$280,566,300,000 (machinery and transport equipment 44.8%, of which motor vehicles 22.6%; mineral fuels 9.1%, of which crude petroleum 3.5%; food 8.7%, of which wheat 2.0%; lumber 5.6%; newsprint and paper products 4.4%; wood pulp 2.2%). Major export destinations: U.S. 82.3%; Japan 3.7%; U.K. 1.4%; Germany 1.2%; China 1.0%; South Korea 1.0%; France 0.6%; The Netherlands 0.6%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 71,592 km; passenger-km 1,430,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 271,032,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 1,021,000 km (paved 35%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 14,280,000; trucks and buses 3,895,600. Merchant marine (1993): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 1,049; total deadweight tonnage 1,910,000. Air transport (1996): passenger-km 56,016,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 1,780,980,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 269. Education and health Literacy (1986): total population age 15 and over literate 18,745,000 (96.6%); males literate (1975) 8,003,000 (95.6%); females literate (1975) 8,182,000 (95.7%). Health: physicians (1994) 54,786 (1 per 534 persons); hospital beds (1993) 163,399 (1 per 177 persons); infant mortality rate (1995) 6.1. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,093 (vegetable products 71%, animal products 29%); 116% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 61,600 (army 35.6%, navy 15.3%, air force 23.7%, not identified by service 25.4%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 1.7% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$318. {1} Based on land area of 3,558,096 sq mi (9,215,430 sq km). {2} Includes 4.0% who are of both French and British origin. {3} 1992. {4} Urban areas. {5} 1991. {6} 1989. {7} At prices of 1986. {8} 1995. {9} Includes energy and utilities.