STATISTICS: CHAD

Chad Official name: Jumhuriyah Tshad (Arabic); Rpublique du Tchad (French) (Republic of Chad). Form of government: unitary republic with one legislative body (National Assembly ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: N'Djamena. Official languages: Arabic; French. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = CFAF 560.38; 1 = CFAF 954.05. Demography Population (1998): 7,360,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 14.8, persons per sq km 5.7. Urban-rural (1995): urban 21.4%; rural 78.6%. Sex distribution (1993): male 48.46%; female 51.54%. Age breakdown (1993): under 15, 47.9%; 15-29, 24.5%; 30-44, 14.6%; 45-59, 7.1%; 60-74, 4.2%; 75 and over, 1.3%. Population projection: (2000) 7,760,000; (2010) 10,055,000. Doubling time: 27 years. Ethnolinguistic composition (1993): Sara 27.7%; Sudanic Arab 12.3%; Mayo-Kebbi peoples 11.5%; Kanem-Bornu peoples 9.0%; Ouadda peoples 8.7%; Hadjeray (Hadjara) 6.7%; Tangale (Tandjil) peoples 6.5%; Gorane peoples 6.3%; Fitri-Batha peoples 4.7%; Fulani (Peul) 2.4%; other 4.2%. Religious affiliation (1993): Muslim 53.9%; Christian 34.7%, of which Roman Catholic 20.3%, Protestant 14.4%; traditional beliefs 7.4%; other 4.0%. Major cities (1993): N'Djamena 530,965; Moundou 282,103; Bongor 196,713; Sarh 193,753; Abch 187,936; Doba 185,461. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1995): 44.6 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1995): 17.7 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1995): 26.9 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1995): 5.9. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 44.9 years; female 49.6 years. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: CFAF 110,170,000,000 (taxes 89.1%, of which taxes on income and profits 36.1%, taxes on international trade 31.2%, taxes on goods and services 18.6%; nontax revenue 10.9%). Expenditures: CFAF 151,794,000,000 (current expenditure 50.9%, of which government salaries 20.3%, government matriel 11.2%, defense 8.4%, debt service 5.5%, transfer payments 2.5%; capital expenditure 49.1%). Tourism: receipts from visitors (1994) U.S.$36,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad U.S.$26,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sorghum 444,146{1}, sugarcane 330,000{1}, millet 257,631{1}, yams 240,000, seed cotton 213,000{1}, cassava 195,000, rice 97,728{1}, corn (maize) 74,631{1}, peanuts (groundnuts) 64,400, sweet potatoes 58,000, pulses 34,000, mangoes 32,000, dates 18,000, onions 14,000, sesame seeds 13,088, potatoes 8,000; livestock (number of live animals) 4,959,000 cattle, 3,271,000 goats, 2,219,000 sheep, 656,946 camels, 4,400,000 chickens; roundwood (1995) 4,512,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 60,000. Mining and quarrying (1996): aggregate (gravel) 170,000; limited commercial production of natron (10,000) and salt; artisanal gold production. Manufacturing (1996): cotton fibre 61,700; refined sugar 27,455; soap 2,958; woven cotton fabrics 881,000 metres; edible oil 125,491 hectolitres; beer 117,100 hectolitres; cigarettes 35,000,000 packs; bicycles 3,444 units. Construction: n.a. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1996) 92,066,000 (68,638,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) none (31,000). Household income and expenditure (1993). Average household size 5.0; average annual income per household CFAF 96,806 (U.S.$458); sources of income (1995-96; urban) informal{2}-sector employment and entrepreneurship 36.7%, transfers 24.8%, wages 23.6%, ownership of real estate 8.6%; expenditure (1983){3}: food 45.3%, health 11.9%, energy 5.8%, clothing 3.3%. Population economically active (1993): total 2,719,497; activity rate of total population 43.9% (participation rates: over age 15, 72.0%; female 47.9%; unemployed 0.6%). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$1,035,000,000 (U.S.$160 per capita). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1995): U.S.$913,700,000. Land use (1994): forested 25.7%; meadows and pastures 35.7%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 2.6%; other 36.0%. Foreign trade Imports (1996): CFAF 153,900,000,000 (1983; petroleum products 16.8%; cereal products 16.8%; pharmaceutical products and chemicals 11.5%; machinery and transport equipment 8.5%, of which transport equipment 7.3%; electrical equipment 5.7%; textiles 2.9%; raw and refined sugar 2.3%). Major import sources (1996{4}): France 34.7%; Cameroon 24.1%; Belgium-Luxembourg 7.4%; Nigeria 6.5%; Portugal 5.6%. Exports (1996{4}): CFAF 132,700,000,000 (1995; cotton lint 59.4%; live cattle 10.9%; live sheep and goats 4.9%). Major export destinations (1996): Portugal 34.7%; Germany 11.3%; Costa Rica 6.5%; United States 5.6%; France 5.6%. Transport Transport. Railroads: none. Roads (1995): total length 32,700 km (paved 1%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 9,630; trucks and buses 14,360. Air transport (1996){5}: passenger-km 224,736,000; metric ton-km cargo 16,420,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1993). Percentage of economically active population age 15 and over having: no formal schooling 81.1%; Qur'anic education 4.2%; primary education 11.2%; secondary education 2.7%; higher education 0.3%; professional education 0.5%. Literacy (1995): percentage of total population age 15 and over literate 48.1%; males literate 62.1%; females literate 34.7%. Health (1993): physicians 217 (1 per 27,765 persons); hospital beds 3,962 (1 per 1,521 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1995) 122. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 1,913 (vegetable products 94%, animal products 6%); 80% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 30,350 (army 82.4%; navy, none; air force 1.2%; paramilitary 16.4%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 3.1% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$5. {1} 1996-97. {2} Not reported to fiscal authorities. {3} Capital city only. {4} Based on direction of trade data (analysis of reports of trading partners, rather than country's own customs data). {5} One-eleventh portion of total traffic of Air Afrique, which is operated by 11 West African states.