STATISTICS: FINLAND

Finland Official name: Suomen Tasavalta (Finnish); Republiken Finland (Swedish) (Republic of Finland). Form of government: multiparty republic with one legislative house (Parliament ). Chief of state: President. Head of government: Prime Minister. Capital: Helsinki. Official languages: none{1}. Official religion: none{2}. Monetary unit: 1 markka (Fmk) = 100 penni, valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Fmk 5.09; 1 = Fmk 8.67. Demography Population (1998): 5,154,000. Density (1998){3}: persons per sq mi 43.8, persons per sq km 16.9. Urban-rural (1997): urban 65.1%; rural 34.9%. Sex distribution (1997): male 48.72%; female 51.28%. Age breakdown (1997): under 15, 18.9%; 15-29, 18.9%; 30-44, 22.6%; 45-59, 20.4%; 60-74, 13.2%; 75 and over, 6.0%. Population projection: (2000) 5,189,000; (2010) 5,194,000. Doubling time: not applicable; population is stable. Linguistic composition (1997): Finnish 92.9%; Swedish 5.7%; other 1.4%. Religious affiliation (1998): Evangelical Lutheran 85.6%; Finnish (Greek) Orthodox 1.1%; nonreligious 12.3%; other 1.0%. Major cities (1997): Helsinki 532,053 (metro area 874,953); Espoo 196,260{4}; Tampere 186,026; Vantaa 168,778{4}; Turku 166,929; Oulu 111,556. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 11.8 (world avg. 25.0); (1995) legitimate 66.9%; illegitimate 33.1%. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 9.6 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 2.2 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 1.7. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1995): 4.6. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1995): 2.7. Life expectancy at birth (1995): male 72.8 years; female 80.2 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1994): ischemic heart diseases 262.5; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 192.3; cerebrovascular disease 112.4; diseases of the respiratory system 71.8; accidents 50.8. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: Fmk 192,989,000,000 (value-added taxes 23.6%, loans 20.4%, income and property taxes 20.1%, excise duties 12.7%). Expenditures: Fmk 192,985,000,000 (social security and health 25.0%; state debt 15.2%; education 12.2%; agriculture 5.9%; defense 4.6%). National debt (September 1996): U.S.$88,873,000,000. Tourism (in U.S.$'000,000; 1996): receipts 1,674; expenditures 2,366. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1995): silage 5,633,000, barley 1,763,000, sugar beets 1,110,000, oats 1,097,000, potatoes 798,000, turnips 125,000; livestock (number of live animals) 1,295,000 pigs, 1,185,000 cattle, 208,000 reindeer; roundwood 50,217,000 cu m; fish catch 184,829. Mining and quarrying (1995): chromite (gross weight) 598,000. Manufacturing (value added in Fmk '000,000; 1994): wood pulp, paper, and paperboard 19,818; nonelectrical machinery 12,091; electrical machinery 9,390; food products 9,193; printing and publishing 7,129; iron and steel 4,806; industrial and basic chemicals 4,611. Construction (completed; 1995): residential 8,700,000 cu m; nonresidential 14,830,000 cu m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1996) 66,756,000,000 ( 65,420,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1994) none (7,501,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (66,747,000); pertroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 10,898,000 (9,734,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) none (3,390,000,000). Population economically active (1995): total 2,521,000; activity rate of total population 49.4% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 73.5%; female 47.0%; unemployed [May 1996-April 1997] 15.5%). Household income and expenditure (1994). Average household size 2.2; disposable income per household Fmk 129,000 (U.S.$24,700); sources of disposable income: wages and salaries 70.1%, transfer payments 8.7%, self-employment 8.7%, other 12.5%; expenditure (1994): housing and energy 28.7%, food and beverages 22.9%, transportation and communications 20.0%. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$119,086,000,000 (U.S.$23,240 per capita). Land use (1994): forested 76.1%; meadows and pastures 0.4%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 8.5%; other 15.0%. Foreign trade{5} Imports (1996): Fmk 140,996,000,000 (raw materials 50.2%; consumer goods 21.2%; mineral fuels 8.9%). Major import sources: Germany 15.1%; Sweden 11.9%; U.K. 8.8%; U.S. 7.4%; Russia 7.3%; Japan 5.2%; France 4.5%. Exports (1996): Fmk 185,798,000,000 (metal products and machinery 40.3%; paper, paper products, and publishing 23.4%; chemicals and chemical products 9.7%). Major export destinations: Germany 12.1%; Sweden 10.7%; U.K. 10.2%; U.S. 7.9%; Russia 6.1%; France 4.2%; The Netherlands 4.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads: route length (1995) 5,859 km; passenger-km 2,616,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 9,564,000,000. Roads (1996): total length{6} 77,722 km (paved 63%). Vehicles (1996): passenger cars 1,900,855; trucks and buses 260,115. Air transport (1996){7}: passenger-km 10,709,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 241,302,000; airports (1996) 24. Education and health Educational attainment (1995). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: incomplete upper-secondary education 45.1%; complete upper secondary or vocational 41.5%; higher 13.4%. Literacy: virtually 100%. Health (1995): physicians 13,771{8} (1 per 371 persons); hospital beds (1994) 49,877{9} (1 per 102 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 3.9. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 3,022 (vegetable products 59%, animal products 41%); 112% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 32,500 (army 80.0%, navy 7.7%, air force 12.3%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1994): 2.1% (world 3.0%); per capita expenditure U.S.$386. {1} Finnish and Swedish were official languages until mid-1995 and national languages thereafter. {2} The Evangelical Lutheran and Finnish (Greek) Orthodox churches have special recognition. {3} Based on land area only. {4} Within Helsinki urban area. {5} Imports c.i.f., exports f.o.b. {6} Excludes land Islands. {7} Finnair only. {8} Registered professionals of working age. {9} Excludes beds in hospitals operated by specialized institutions.