STATISTICS: SAUDI ARABIA

Saudi Arabia Official name: Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyah as-Sa'udiyah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). Form of government: monarchy{1}. Head of state and government: King. Capital: Riyadh. Official language: Arabic. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 Saudi riyal (SRls) = 100 halalah; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = SRls 3.75; 1 = SRls 6.38. Demography Population (1998): 20,786,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 23.9, persons per sq km 9.2. Urban-rural (1995): urban 80.2%; rural 19.8%. Sex distribution (1995): male 55.72%; female 44.28%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 41.9%; 15-29, 24.5%; 30-44, 19.7%; 45-59, 9.5%; 60-74, 3.6%; 75 and over, 0.8%. Population projection: (2000) 22,246,000; (2010) 31,198,000. Doubling time: 23 years. Ethnic composition (1995): Arab 90%; Afro-Asian 10%. Religious affiliation (1992): Sunni Muslim 93.3%; Shi'i Muslim 3.3%; Christian 3.0%; other 0.4%. Major cities (1991): Riyadh (Ar-Riyad) 1,800,000; Jiddah 1,500,000; Mecca (Makkah) 630,000; At-Ta`if 410,000; Medina 400,000. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 35.1 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 4.7 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1990-95): 30.4 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1990-95): 6.4. Life expectancy at birth (1990-95): male 68.4 years; female 71.4 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a. National economy Budget (1997). Revenue: SRls 164,000,000,000 (oil revenues 76.0%). Expenditures: SRls 181,000,000,000 (defense and security 37.6%, education 23.0%, health and social development 7.9%, transportation and communications 3.8%, municipal services 3.0%). Public debt: n.a. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1997): wheat 1,500,000; barley 800,000; dates 597,000; tomatoes 500,000; potatoes 435,000; watermelons 410,000; grapes 135,000; cucumbers and gherkins 135,000; eggplants 70,000; pumpkins, squash, and gourds 70,000; carrots 30,000; millet 13,700; livestock (number of live animals) 7,800,000 sheep, 4,400,000 goats, 422,000 camels; fish catch (1994) 49,920. Mining and quarrying (1995): gypsum (1994) 337,573; gold 8,080 kg. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): industrial chemicals 2,663; cement, glass, and other nonmetal mineral products 875; refined petroleum 818; iron and steel 516; food, beverages, and tobacco 457; metal products 358; plastic products 206. Construction (1991): residential 16,077,677 sq m; nonresidential 2,204,894 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 66,760,000,000 (66,760,000,000); coal, n.a. (n.a.); crude petroleum (barrels; 1996) 2,993,000,000 ( 588,700,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 87,769,000 (34,482,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 37,701,000,000 (37,701,000,000). Land use (1994): forested 0.8%; meadows and pastures 55.8%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 1.8%; built-on, waste, and other 41.6%. Population economically active (1994): total 5,614,000; activity rate of total population 32.2% (participation rates ages 15-64, 59.1%, female 3.5%; unemployed c. 25%). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$136,640,000,0000 (U.S.$7,040 per capita). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1992) 6.1; income per household: n.a.; sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1988){2}: food 37%, housing 21%, transportation and communications 15%, clothing 8%, household furnishings 7%, education and entertainment 2%. Tourism (in U.S.$'000,000): receipts (1989) 2,050; expenditures (1988) 2,000. Pilgrims to Mecca from abroad (1996): more than 2,000,000. Foreign trade{3} Imports (1996): SRls 103,979,000,000 (machinery and appliances 21.0%, transport equipment 15.3%, metals and metal articles 10.0%, chemicals and chemical products 8.1%, vegetables 7.4%, textiles and clothing 7.3%, live animals and animal products 4.9%). Major import sources: U.S. 21.9%; U.K. 9.0%; Germany 7.5%; Japan 7.0%; Italy 4.7%; Switzerland 4.7%. Exports (1996): SRls 212,353,000,000{4} (petroleum 88.6%, of which crude 72.3%; petrochemicals 4.9%). Major export destinations{5}: Japan 16.9%; U.S. 15.0%; S. Korea 10.6%; Singapore 7.9%; France 4.5%; India 3.3%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): route length 1,390 km; (1993-94) passenger-km 139,000,000; (1993-94) metric ton-km cargo 816,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 159,000 km (paved 42.7%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 1,710,000; trucks and buses 1,172,600. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 301; total deadweight tonnage 1,381,651. Air transport (1995){6}: passenger-km 18,501,400,000; metric ton-km cargo 894,900,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 25. Education and health Educational attainment (1986). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 31.8%; primary, secondary, or higher education 68.2%. Literacy (1995): percentage of population age 15 and over literate 62.8%; males literate 71.5%; females literate 50.2%. Health (1995): physicians 30,306 (1 per 590 persons); hospital beds 41,916 (1 per 427 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1990-95) 29.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,746 (vegetable products 88%, animal products 12%); 113% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 105,500 (army 66.4%, navy 12.8%, air force 20.9%). Military expenditure as percentage of GDP (1995): 13.5% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$919. {1} Assisted by the Consultative Council consisting of 90 appointed members. {2} Urban middle-income households only. {3} Import figures are f.o.b. in balance of trade and c.i.f. in commodities and trading partners. {4} Includes re-exports. {5} Based on direction of trade statistics. {6} Domestic and international operation of Saudi Arabian Airlines.