STATISTICS: SOMALIA

Somalia{1} Official name: Soomaaliya (Somali)(Somalia). Form of government: republic{2}. Head of state and government: {2}. Capital: Mogadishu. Official languages: Somali; Arabic. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 Somali shilling (So.Sh.) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = So.Sh. 2,620{3}; 1 = So.Sh. 4,461. Demography Population (1998): 6,842,000{4}. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 27.8, persons per sq km 10.7. Urban-rural (1991): urban 37.2%; rural 62.8%. Sex distribution (1996): male 51.21%; female 48.79%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 44.4%; 15-29, 27.1%; 30-44, 16.1%; 45-59, 6.9%; 60-74, 4.0%; 75 and over, 1.5%. Population projection: (2000) 7,434,000; (2010) 10,132,000. Doubling time: 27 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Somali 98.3%{5}; Arab 1.2%; Bantu 0.4%; other 0.1%. Religious affiliation (1995): Sunni Muslim 99.9%; other 0.1%. Major cities (1990): Mogadishu 900,000; Hargeysa 90,000; Kismaayo 90,000; Berbera 70,000; Marka 62,000. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 44.3 (world avg. 25.0); legitimate, n.a.; illegitimate, n.a. Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 18.2 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 26.1 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 6.5. Marriage rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Divorce rate per 1,000 population: n.a. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 44.6 years; female 47.8 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a.; however, major diseases include leprosy, malaria, tetanus, and tuberculosis; civil violence, malnutrition, and poor health services remained epidemic in the mid-1990s. National economy Budget (1991). Revenue: So.Sh. 151,453,000,000 (domestic revenue sources, principally indirect taxes and import duties 60.4%; external grants and transfers 39.6%). Expenditures: So.Sh. 141,141,000,000 (general services 46.9%; economic and social services 31.2%; debt service 7.0%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$1,918,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): fruits (excluding melons) 210,000, sugarcane 210,000, sorghum 145,000, corn (maize) 142,000, bananas 47,000, cassava 40,000, sesame seed 25,000, beans 14,000, dates 9,500, seed cotton 6,000, other forest products include khat, frankincense, and myrrh; livestock (number of live animals) 13,500,000 sheep, 12,500,000 goats, 6,100,000 camels, 5,200,000 cattle; roundwood (1995) 9,025,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 14,850. Mining and quarrying (1992): sepiolite 2,000 kilograms. Manufacturing (value added in So.Sh. '000,000; 1988): food 794; cigarettes and matches 562; hides and skins 420; paper and printing 328; plastics 320; chemicals 202; beverages 144. Construction (value added in So.Sh.; 1991): 51,100,000,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 259,000,000 (259,000,000); coal, none (n.a.); crude petroleum (barrels; 1991) n.a. (806,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1991) none (59,000); natural gas, none (n.a.). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1980) 4.9; income per household: n.a.; sources of income: n.a.; expenditure (1983){6}: food and tobacco 62.3%, housing 15.3%, clothing 5.6%, energy 4.3%, other 12.5%. Tourism: receipts from visitors (1986) U.S.$8,000,000; expenditures by nationals abroad (1983) U.S.$13,000,000. Population economically active (1991): total 3,215,000; activity rate of total population 40.9% (participation rates over age 10, 63.1%; female 48.7%; unemployed n.a.). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$706,000,000 (U.S.$110 per capita). Land use (1994): forest 25.5%; pasture 68.6%; agriculture 1.6%; other 4.3%. Foreign trade{7} Imports (1995): U.S.$193,000,000 (agricultural products 38.0%, of which raw sugar 16.1%, rice 7.8%, wheat 5.0%; unspecified 62.0%). Major import sources (1996){8}: Kenya 28%; Djibouti 21%; Saudi Arabia 6%; Brazil 6%. Exports (1995): U.S.$145,000,000 (agricultural products 51.4%, of which live sheep and goats 40.0%, bananas 6.9%, live camels and cattle 4.3%; other 48.6%). Major export destinations (1996){8}: Saudi Arabia 55%; Yemen 19%; Italy 11%; United Arab Emirates 9%. Transport Transport. Railroads: none. Roads (1995): total length 14,300 mi, 23,000 km (paved 12%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 11,800; trucks and buses 12,200. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 28; total deadweight tonnage 18,496. Air transport (1991): passenger-mi 81,000,000, passenger-km 131,000,000; short ton-mi cargo 3,000,000, metric ton-km cargo 5,000,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 1. Education and health Educational attainment: n.a. Literacy (1995): percentage of total population age 15 and over literate 24%; males literate 36%; females literate 14%. Health: physicians (1987) 323 (1 per 19,973 persons); hospital beds (1985) 5,536 (1 per 1,130 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 126. Food (1993-94 avg.): daily per capita caloric intake 1,545; 67% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): clan warfare since 1991. Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1990): 0.9% (world 4.3%); per capita expenditure U.S.$1. {1} Proclamation of a Republic of Somaliland by the Somali National Movement in May 1991 on territory corresponding to the former British Somaliland (which unified with the former Italian Trust Territory of Somalia to form Somalia in 1960) had received no international recognition by October 1998. This entity represented about a quarter of Somalia's territory and about two-thirds of its population. {2} No effective central government exists in October 1998. {3} In January 1998 6,400 So.Sh. equaled 1 U.S.$ on the black market. {4} Includes 4.3 million residents of the Republic of Somaliland; excludes 400,000 refugees in neighbouring countries. {5} The Somali are divided into six major clans, of which four are predominantly pastoral (representing c. 70% of the population) and two are predominantly agricultural (representing c. 20% of the population); the remainder are urban dwellers with less clan identification. {6} Mogadishu only. {7} Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. {8} Estimated figures.