STATISTICS: SUDAN, THE

Sudan, The Official name: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan (Republic of the Sudan). Form of government: Islamic military regime{1} with one legislative house (National Assembly {2}). Head of state and government: President. Capitals: Khartoum (executive); Omdurman (legislative). Official language: Arabic. Official religion: {3}. Monetary unit: 1 Sudanese dinar (Sd){4}; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Sd 182.60; 1 = Sd 310.88. Demography Population (1998): 33,551,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 34.7, persons per sq km 13.4. Urban-rural (1995): urban 24.6%; rural 75.4%. Sex distribution (1995): male 50.20%; female 49.80%. Age breakdown (1995): under 15, 43.9%; 15-29, 27.0%; 30-44, 15.6%; 45-59, 8.8%; 60-74, 3.9%; 75 and over, 0.8%. Population projection: (2000) 35,530,000; (2010) 46,573,000. Doubling time: 23 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Sudanese Arab 49.1%; Dinka 11.5%; Nuba 8.1%; Beja 6.4%, Nuer 4.9%; Azande 2.7%; Bari 2.5%; Fur 2.1%; other 12.7%. Religious affiliation (1992): Sunni Muslim c. 72%; traditional beliefs c. 17%; Christian c. 11%, of which Roman Catholic c. 7%. Major cities (1993): Omdurman 1,267,077; Khartoum 924,505; Khartoum North 879,105; Port Sudan 305,385; Kassala 234,270; Nyala 228,778. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 41.1 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 11.5 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 29.6 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 5.9. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 54.2 years; female 56.1 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population: n.a. National economy Budget (1996). Revenue: LSd 679,600,000,000{4} (import duties 20.5%, taxes on business profits 19.1%, nontax revenue 17.4%, excise duties 16.7%). Expenditures: LSd 2,377,100,000,000{4} (interest on debt 58.5%, current expenditure 31.9%, development expenditure 4.1%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$9,369,000,000. Tourism (1994): receipts U.S.$3,000,0000; expenditures U.S.$30,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 4,900,000, sorghum 4,104,000, wheat 550,000, millet 491,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 430,000, seed cotton 325,000, cottonseed 210,000, sesame seeds 160,000, dates 145,000, cotton lint 106,000, gum arabic 40,000{5}; livestock (number of live animals) 23,500,000 cattle, 23,400,000 sheep, 16,900,000 goats, 2,950,000 camels; roundwood (1995) 25,409,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 45,000. Mining and quarrying: salt (1994) 75,000; gold (1996) 96,000 troy oz. Manufacturing (1995): raw sugar 450,000; wheat flour 350,000; cement 199,000; vegetable oils 70,000; cattlehides and horsehides 38,000{6}; shoes 6,000,000 pairs. Construction: n.a. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 1,333,000,000 (1,333,000,000); coal, none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 1994) none (7,601,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 864,000 (1,051,000); natural gas, none (none). Gross national product (1996): U.S.$9,780,000,000 (U.S.$310 per capita). Population economically active (1993): total 8,866,000; activity rate of total population 32.3% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 57.4%; female 22.3%; unemployed c. 30.0%). Household income and expenditure. Average household size: n.a.; income per household: n.a.{7}; expenditure (1983): food and beverages 63.6%, housing 11.5%, household goods 5.5%, clothing and footwear 5.3%. Land use (1994): forested 18.1%; meadows and pastures 46.3%; agricultural and under permanent cultivation 5.5%; desert and other 30.1%. Foreign trade Imports (1994-95): U.S.$1,101,000,000 (petroleum products 17.2%; foodstuffs 17.0%, of which wheat flour 3.9%; electrical machinery 13.6%; chemicals and chemical products 10.0%; transport equipment 8.7%). Major import sources: Saudi Arabia 13.5%; U.K. 12.1%; Egypt 5.8%; Germany 4.4%; U.S. 3.6%. Exports (1994-95): U.S.$444,000,000 (cotton 18.7%; sheep and lambs 14.0%; sesame seeds 12.8%; gum arabic 11.6%; gold 8.0%; peanuts [groundnuts] 5.1%). Major export destinations: Saudi Arabia 19.7%; U.K. 9.7%; Italy 9.0%; China 7.5%; Japan 5.3%; Switzerland 4.7%. Transport Transport. Railroads: route length (1995) 4,764 km; (1993) passenger-km 1,183,000,000; (1993) metric ton-km cargo 2,240,000,000{8}. Roads (1995): total length 11,610 km (paved 36%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 263,000; trucks and buses 47,800{9}. Air transport (1996){10}: passenger-km 650,049,000; metric ton-km cargo 30,706,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 3. Education and health Educational attainment (1983). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 76.7%; complete secondary 2.0%; higher 0.8%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 7,280,000 (46.1%); males 4,540,000 (57.7%); females 2,740,000 (34.6%). Health: physicians (1994) 2,600{11} (1 per 11,300 persons); hospital beds (1986) 18,571 (1 per 1,222 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 76.0. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,313 (vegetable products 82%, animal products 18%); 98% of FAO recommended minimum. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 89,000 (army 95.5%, navy 1.1%, air force 3.4%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1994): 6.6% (world 3.0%); per capita expenditure U.S.$15. {1} The president (and military general) who was elected in March 1996 (and appointed himself president in 1989 after overthrowing a democratically elected government in a military coup) signed a new constitution into law on June 30, 1998. {2} Includes 8 nonelected seats filled by head of state for 8 local administrative units controlled by opposition forces in extreme southern Sudan. {3} Islamic law and custom are sources of national law per 1998 constitution. {4} The Sudanese dinar (introduced May 1992 at a value equal to 10 Sudanese pounds ) circulates in tandem with the Sudanese pound. {5} 1994-95. {6} 1992. {7} Average annual income of paid worker (1992) U.S.$216. {8} Sections of the Sudan Railways were closed in 1995 because of insufficient funds. {9} Data unavailable for buses. {10} Sudan Airways only. {11} Estimated figure.