STATISTICS: SWAZILAND

Swaziland Official name: Umbuso weSwatini (Swazi); Kingdom of Swaziland (English). Form of government{1}: monarchy with two legislative houses (Senate ; House of Assembly ). Head of state and government: King, assisted by Prime Minister. Capitals: Mbabane (administrative and judicial); Lozitha and Ludzidzini (royal); Lobamba (legislative). Official languages: Swazi; English. Official religion: none. Monetary unit: 1 lilangeni{4} (plural emalangeni ) = 100 cents; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = E 5.83; 1 = E 9.93. Demography Population (1998): 966,000. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 144.1, persons per sq km 55.6. Urban-rural (1991): urban 34.3%; rural (65.7%) 65.7%. Sex distribution (1996): male 48.53%; female 51.47%. Age breakdown (1996): under 15, 45.7%; 15-29, 27.9%; 30-44, 14.9%; 45-59, 7.6%; 60-74, 3.3%; 75 and over, 0.6%. Population projection: (2000) 1,004,000; (2010) 1,202,000. Doubling time: 22 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Swazi 84.3%; Zulu 9.9%; Tsonga 2.5%; Indian 0.8%; Pakistani 0.8%; Portuguese 0.2%; other 1.5%. Religious affiliation (1995): Christian 66.7%, of which African indigenous 44.7%, Protestant 14.8%, Roman Catholic 5.3%; other (mostly traditional beliefs) 33.3%. Major cities (1986): Manzini 52,000; Mbabane 38,290; Nhlangano 4,107; Piggs Peak 3,223; Siteki 2,271. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 42.9 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 10.6 (world avg. 9.3). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1996): 32.3 (world avg. 15.7). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 6.0. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 53.2 years; female 61.4 years. Major causes of death (1992){5}: accidents and injuries 15.8%; infectious intestinal diseases 13.3%; tuberculosis 10.3%; malnutrition 6.2%; respiratory diseases 5.3%; circulatory diseases 5.0%; digestive diseases 4.6%. National economy Budget (1996-97). Revenue: E 1,648,600,000 (receipts from Customs Union of Southern Africa 51.7%; tax on income and profits 26.1%; sales tax 12.1%; foreign-aid grants 2.3%; property income 1.1%; fees, services, and fines 0.8%). Expenditures: E 1,861,100,000 (recurrent expenditure 80.3%, of which general administration 24.3%, education 16.9%, economic services 13.2%, justice and police 7.7%, health 6.1%, defense 5.9%). Tourism (1995): receipts U.S.$35,000,000; expenditures U.S.$37,000,000. Gross national product (1996): U.S.$1,122,000,000 (U.S.$1,210 per capita). Population economically active (1986): total 160,355; activity rate of total population 23.5% (participation rates: ages 15 and over, 44.1%; female 34.2%; unemployed 27.0%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$219,600,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): sugarcane 3,846,000, corn (maize) 135,600, grapefruit and pomelo 35,100, oranges 32,874, seed cotton 14,000, pineapples 8,000, roots and tubers 8,000 (of which potatoes 6,000, sweet potatoes 2,000), lint cotton 5,000, peanuts (groundnuts) 5,000; livestock (number of live animals) 646,000 cattle, 438,000 goats, 31,000 pigs, 27,000 sheep, 1,000,000 chickens; roundwood 1,424,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 115. Mining and quarrying (1996): asbestos 26,000; diamonds 64,000 carats{6}. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000; 1994): food and beverages 244,000, of which beverage processing 153,000; paper and paper products 35,000; textiles 19,000; printing and publishing products 18,000; clothing 7,000; metal and metal products 7,000. Construction (value in E; 1996){7}: residential 34,100,000; nonresidential 17,500,000. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1991) 387,000,000 (815,000,000); coal (metric tons; 1992) 100,220 (1989; 28,454); crude petroleum, n.a. (n.a.). Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1986) 5.7; annual income per household (1985) E 332 (U.S.$151); sources of income (1985): wages and salaries 44.4%, self-employment 22.2%, transfers 12.2%, other 21.2%; expenditure (1985): food and beverages 33.5%, rent and fuel 13.4%, household durable goods 12.8%, transportation and communication 8.8%, clothing and footwear 6.0%, recreation 3.3%. Foreign trade{8} Imports (1995): U.S.$907,700,000 (machinery and transport equipment 25.1%; manufactured items 17.5%; foodstuffs 16.4%; chemicals 13.2%; minerals, fuels, and lubricants 5.1%). Major import sources (1993): South Africa 81.7%; U.K. 2.5%; The Netherlands 0.4%; Switzerland 0.3%; France 0.1%. Exports (1995): U.S.$798,000,000 (wood and wood products 18.4%; sugar 15.3%; refrigerators 6.6%; cotton yarn 6.0%; paper and paper products 2.3%; canned fruits 2.0%; citrus fruits 1.9%; asbestos 1.6%). Major export destinations (1991): South Africa 47.0%; U.S. 3.6%; U.K. 3.3%; Mozambique 2.4%; South Korea 2.2%; Zimbabwe 2.2%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): length 187 mi, 301 km; passenger-mi 752,000,000{9}, passenger-km 1,210,000,000{9}; short ton-mi cargo 1,993,000,000{10}, metric ton-km cargo 2,910,000,000{10}. Roads (1995): total length 2,377 mi, 3,825 km (paved 28%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 27,300; trucks and buses 26,340. Air transport (1995){11}: passenger-mi 30,710,000, passenger-km 49,423,000; short ton-mi cargo 87,000, metric ton-km cargo 127,000; airports (1997) with scheduled flights 1. Education and health Educational attainment (1986). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 42.1%; some primary education 23.9%; complete primary 10.5%; some secondary 19.2%; complete secondary and higher 4.3%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 76.7%; males literate 78.0%; females literate 75.6%. Health: physicians (1990) 83 (1 per 9,265 persons); hospital beds (1984) 1,608 (1 per 396 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1996) 88.4. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,658 (vegetable products 90%, animal products 10%); 115% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1983): 2,657. Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.6% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$28. {1} The Constitutional Review Committee announced by the King in July 1996 continued to prepare a new draft constitution in late 1998. {2} Includes 20 nonelective seats. {3} Includes 10 nonelective seats. {4} The lilangeni is at par with the South African rand. {5} Percentage of deaths of known cause at government, mission, and private hospitals. {6} 1994. {7} Urban areas under the jurisdiction of the Manzini and Mbabane town councils only. {8} Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. {9} 1988. {10} 1991. {11} Royal Swazi National Airways only; international flights only.