STEPHEN IV (OR V)

born , Rome died Jan. 24, 817, Rome pope from June 816 to January 817. Of noble birth, he succeeded Pope St. Leo III in June 816. Immediately after his consecration he ordered the Romans to swear fidelity to the Carolingian emperor Louis I the Pious, whom he informed of his election and asked to meet in Gaul. In Reims on the following October 18, he crowned Louis as Holy Roman emperor and Louis's consort, Ermengarde, as empress. The coronation, second after that of Louis's father, Charlemagne, which had been the first anointing of an emperor by a pope, solidified the alliance between the papacy and the Franks and created effects crucial to European history; the papacy became the agency that created emperors, symbolized by the coronation and anointing, and this became one of the papacy's most treasured prerogatives. Stephen died soon after returning to Rome.