TAYLOR, JAMES

born March 12, 1948, Boston, Mass., U.S. American singer, songwriter, and guitarist who defined the singer-songwriter movement of the 1970s. Bob Dylan brought confessional poetry to folk rock, but Taylor became the epitome of the troubadour whose life was the subject of his songs. Among the experiences that shaped Taylor, who grew up in an upper-middle-class North Carolina family, were voluntary stays in mental institutionsonce as a teenager and later to overcome heroin addiction. Having played in bands with his brother Alex and friend Danny Kortchmar, Taylor traveled to England, where he released his largely unnoticed debut album in 1968 on the Beatles' Apple label. His next album, Sweet Baby James (1970), and its melancholy hit Fire and Rain began Taylor's reign as a chronicler of the life passages of middle-class baby boomers (for instance, later, his failed marriage to singer-songwriter Carly Simon). Conveyed by his gentle tenor, his contemplative songsrooted in complex chord changes and influenced by Appalachian folk music, Hank Williams, and early soul vocalistswere set against his deft accompaniment on acoustic guitar and the rock-oriented backing of a regular group of studio musicians that included Kortchmar. Ironically, among his biggest hits were cover versions of rhythm-and-blues songs such as Otis Blackwell's Handy Man. With more than 16 albums of varying commercial success behind him, Taylor remained a prolific writer and performer in the late 1990s.