TENGNOUPAL

district, Manipur state, eastern India. Formerly part of the Central district, it is a hilly region in the Eastern Himalayas south of the Imphal Valley, has an area of 1,303 sq mi (3,375 sq km), and varies in altitude from 2,500 ft (760 m) to 10,000 ft. Pakhangha established a dynasty in AD 33 that continued until integration with the Indian Union in 1947. A manuscript of local literature, written during the reign of King Irengba, dates from 1074. The area was invaded by the Chinese in 1631 and was bombed by the Japanese in 1942 during World War II. The Manipur and Barak rivers flow from north to south (the latter through narrow valleys); the district also has numerous lakes that serve as important fisheries. Lake vegetation includes lotus and water lilies, and orchids are found on the plains. Goral, kharsha (wild pig), tiger, leopard, and greylag (geese) inhabit the forested areas. Agriculture is the basis of the economy; crops (grown in small, scattered plots) include rice, wheat, mustard, potatoes, and pulse (legumes). Mangoes and lemons are also grown. Industries include handloom weaving and embroidering (Manipuri saris are known for their durability and fine embroidery), blacksmithing, agricultural implement making, and goldsmithing. Pottery, cane products, soap, and paper are also made. Rock salt, copper, limestone, and iron ore are mined in small quantities. The district is populated mostly by different tribes of Mongolian origin who speak the Manipuri language. A national highway connects Chandil, the district headquarters, with Imphal, the state capital; the Barak River is navigated by small boats. Pop. (1981) 56,444.