UMTATA

town, Eastern Cape province, South Africa. It was the capital of Transkei, a nominally independent but not internationally recognized southern African republic that was reincorporated into South Africa in 1994. Located on the Umtata (The Taker) River (so named because of its destructive flooding), the town lies at an elevation of 2,290 feet (698 m) in the Kaffraria region near the southeast coast of South Africa. The town began as a European settlement in 1869 and functioned as a buffer zone between the warring Pondo and Tembu peoples. A military post was later established at Umtata, and it was officially proclaimed a town in 1882. It became the headquarters of the Transkeian Territories General Council (known as the Bunga) in 1903. A summit meeting of the black homeland leaders was held at Umtata in 1973, when they decided to federate their own states after independence. When Transkei was declared independent in 1976, Umtata became its capital. Subsistence agriculture and livestock raising are the primary economic activities in the area; Umtata has some secondary industries that produce textiles, wood products, foodstuffs, and processed tobacco. The town has buildings dating back to colonial times, including the Town Hall and a hospital. It also has a technical college, the University of Transkei (1977), and road and rail connections with East London to the south. There is an airfield, and the Umtata Falls are 2 miles (3 km) southeast of the town. Pop. (1984 est.) mun., 80,000.