WITTEN, EDWARD

born Aug. 26, 1951, Baltimore, Md., U.S. American mathematical physicist who was awarded the Fields Medal in 1990 for his work in superstring theory. He also received the Dirac Medal from the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (1985). Witten was educated at Brandeis University, Waltham, Mass. (B.A., 1971), and Princeton (N.J.) University (M.A., 1974; Ph.D. in physics, 1976). He held a fellowship at Harvard University (197677), was a junior fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows (197780), and held a MacArthur Foundation fellowship (1982). He held an appointment at Princeton University (198087) before moving to the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J., in 1987. Witten was awarded the Fields Medal at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Kyoto, Japan, in 1990. His early research interests were in electromagnetism, but he soon developed an interest in what is now known as superstring theory in mathematical physics. He made significant contributions to Morse theory, supersymmetry, and knot theory. Additionally, he explored the relationship between quantum field theory and the differential topology of manifolds of two and three dimensions. Because supersymmetry involves 10-dimensional space, some physicists were skeptical that these mathematical theories applied to real physical problems. Witten's publications include, with Sam B. Treimen, Roman Jackiw, and Bruno Zumino, Current Algebra and Anomalies (1985) and, with Michael B. Green and John H. Schwarz, Superstring Theory (1987).