YALE UNIVERSITY

private university in New Haven, Conn., one of the Ivy League schools. It was founded in 1701 and is the third oldest university in the United States. Yale was originally chartered by the colonial legislature of Connecticut as the Collegiate School and was held at Killingworth and other locations. In 1716 the school was moved to New Haven, and in 1718 it was renamed Yale College in honour of a wealthy British merchant and philanthropist, Elihu Yale, who had made a series of donations to the school. Yale's initial curriculum emphasized classical studies and strict adherence to orthodox Puritanism. Yale's medical school was organized in 1810. The divinity school arose from a department of theology created in 1822, and a law department became affiliated with the college in 1824. The geologist Benjamin Silliman, who taught at Yale between 1802 and 1853, did much to make the experimental and applied sciences a respectable field of study in the United States. While at Yale he founded the American Journal of Science and Arts (later shortened to American Journal of Science), which was one of the great scientific journals of the world in the 19th century. Yale's Sheffield Scientific School, begun in the 1850s, was one of the leading scientific and engineering centres in the nation until the 20th century. A graduate school of arts and sciences was organized in 1847, and a school of art was created in 1866. Schools of music, forestry, nursing, drama, management, and architecture were subsequently established. The college was renamed Yale University in 1864. Women were first admitted to the graduate school in 1892, but the university did not become fully coeducational until 1969. Yale is highly selective in its admissions and is among the nation's most highly rated schools in terms of academic and social prestige. It includes Yale College (undergraduate), the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and 10 professional schools. The Yale University Library, with more than 10.5 million volumes, is one of the largest in the United States. Yale's extensive art galleries, the first in an American college, were established in 1832 when John Trumbull donated a gallery to house his paintings of the American Revolution. Yale's Peabody Museum of Natural History houses important collections of paleontology, archaeology, and ethnology. Yale's graduates have included U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald R. Ford, George Bush, and William J. (Bill) Clinton; political leader John C. Calhoun; theologian Jonathan Edwards; inventors Eli Whitney and Samuel F.B. Morse; and lexicographer Noah Webster.