YAZIDI

also spelled Yezidi, Azidi, Zedi, or Izdi, religious sect, found primarily in the districts of Mosul, Iraq; Diyarbakir, Tur.; Aleppo, Syria; Armenia and the Caucasus region; and in parts of Iran. The Yazidi religion is a syncretic combination of Zoroastrian, Manichaean, Jewish, Nestorian Christian, and Islamic elements. The Yazidi themselves are thought to be descended from supporters of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I. They believe that they were created quite separately from the rest of mankind, not even being descended from Adam, and they have kept themselves strictly segregated from the people among whom they live. Although scattered and probably numbering fewer than 100,000, they have a well-organized society, with a chief sheikh as the supreme religious head and an emir, or prince, as the secular head. The chief divine figure of the Yazidi is Malak Ta'us (Peacock Angel), who is worshiped in the form of a peacock. He rules the universe with six other angels, but all seven are subordinate to the supreme God, who has had no direct interest in the universe since he created it. The seven angels are worshiped by the Yazidi in the form of seven bronze or iron peacock figures called sanjaq, the largest of which weighs nearly 700 pounds (320 kg). Yazidi are antidualists; they deny the existence of evil and therefore also reject sin, the devil, and hell. The breaking of divine laws is expiated by way of metempsychosis, or transmigration of souls, which allows for the progressive purification of the spirit. The Yazidi relate that, when the devil repented of his sin of pride before God, he was pardoned and replaced in his previous position as chief of the angels; this myth has earned the Yazidi an undeserved reputation as devil worshipers. Shaykh 'Adi, the chief Yazidi saint, was a 12th-century Muslim mystic whom the Yazidi believe to have achieved divinity through metempsychosis. The Yazidi religious centre and object of the annual pilgrimage is the tomb of Shaykh 'Adi, located at a former Christian monastery in the town of ash-Shaykh 'Adi, north of Mosul. Two short books written in Arabic, Kitab al-jilwah (Book of Revelation) and Mashaf rash (Black Writing), form the sacred scriptures of the Yazidi, and an Arabic hymn in praise of Shaykh 'Adi is held in great esteem.