STATISTICS: IRAQ

Iraq Official name: Al-Jumhuriyah al-'Iraqiyah (Republic of Iraq). Form of government: unitary multiparty{1} republic with one legislative house (National Assembly ). Head of state and government: President. Capital: Baghdad. Official language: Arabic{3}. Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 Iraqi dinar (ID) = 20 dirhams = 1,000 fils; valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = 1,500 ID{4}; 1 = 2,550 ID{4}. Demography Population (1998): 21,722,000{5}. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 129.3, persons per sq km 49.9. Urban-rural (1997): urban 68.1%; rural 31.9%. Sex distribution (1996): male 51.23%; female 48.77%. Age breakdown (1994): under 15, 41.1%; 15-29, 30.5%; 30-44, 16.0%; 45-59, 7.6%; 60-74, 3.7%; 75 and over, 1.1%. Population projection: (2000) 23,151,000; (2010) 31,152,000. Doubling time: 29 years. Ethnic composition (1983): Arab 77.1%; Kurd 19.0%; Azerbaijani 1.7%; Assyrian 0.8%; other 1.4%. Religious affiliation (1994): Shi'i Muslim 62.5%; Sunni Muslim 34.5%; Christian (primarily Chaldean rite and Syrian rite Roman Catholic and Nestorian) 2.7%; other (primarily Yazidi syncretist) 0.3%. Major cities (1987): Baghdad (1995; urban agglomeration) 4,478,000; Mosul 664,221; Irbil 485,968; Karkuk (Kirkuk) 418,624; Al-Basrah 406,296. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1994): 34.1 (world avg. 26.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1994): 9.8 (world avg. 9.2). Natural increase rate per 1,000 population (1994): 24.3 (world avg. 16.8). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 4.9. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1992): 7.8. Life expectancy at birth (1994): male 57.3 years; female 60.4 years. Major causes of death. Prior to the Gulf War (1990) the leading causes (in descending order) were: circulatory diseases, injury and poisoning, cancer, and congenital anomalies; since 1990, additional mortality has been attributed to deprivation of medical care and malnutrition consequent upon the imposition of UN sanctions, especially among children and other vulnerable populations. National economy Budget (1992). Revenue: ID 13,935,000,000. Expenditures: ID 13,935,000,000. Details of more recent budgets are not available. Public debt (external, outstanding; 1994): U.S.$20,000,000,000. Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): wheat 1,000,000, clover 820,000, tomatoes 800,000, dates 550,000, barley 500,000, potatoes 380,000, oranges 310,000, grapes 300,000, rice 270,000; livestock (number of live animals) 5,000,000 sheep, 1,000,000 cattle; roundwood (1995) 161,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 22,550. Mining and quarrying (1995): sulfur 475,000; phosphate rock 440,000. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): refined petroleum 127; bricks, tiles, and cement 100; industrial chemicals 79; food products 59; metal products 28. Construction (authorized; 1991): residential 4,558,000 sq m; nonresidential 410,000 sq m. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1994) 27,060,000,000 (27,060,000,000); coal, none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 1996) 255,500,000 ( 207,200,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 22,180,000 (21,215,000); natural gas (cu m; 1994) 3,170,000,000 (3,170,000,000). Household income and expenditure (1988). Average household size 8.9; sources of income: self-employment 33.9%, wages and salaries 23.9%, transfers 23.0%, rent 18.6%; expenditure: food and beverages 50.2%, housing and energy 19.9%, clothing and footwear 10.6%. Gross domestic product (1996): U.S.$11,500,000,000 (U.S.$540 per capita). Population economically active (1988): total 4,127,294; activity rate of total population 24.7% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 45.3%; female 12.0%). Tourism (1994): receipts U.S.$12,000,000; expenditures, n.a. Land use (1994): forest 0.4%; pasture 9.1%; agriculture 13.1%; other 77.4%. Foreign trade{6}{7} Imports (1995): U.S.$2,500,000,000{8} (agricultural products 42.7%, of which cereals 9.9%; unspecified 57.3%). Major import sources{9}: Jordan 49.0%; Turkey 17.0%; Hungary 15.0%; Switzerland 8.0%. Exports (1995): U.S.$419,000,000{8} (mostly crude petroleum and petroleum products). Major export destinations: Jordan 98.0%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): route length 2,032 km; (1993) passenger-km 1,566,000,000; (1993) metric ton-km cargo 1,649,000,000. Roads (1995): total length 46,500 km (paved 86%). Vehicles (1995): passenger cars 672,000; trucks and buses 368,000. Air transport: {10}. Education and health Educational attainment (1987). Percentage of population age 10 and over having: no formal schooling 52.8%; primary education 21.5%; secondary 11.6%; higher 4.1%; unknown 10.0%. Literacy (1995): total population age 15 and over literate 58.0%; males 70.7%; females 45.0%. Health (1993): physicians 8,787 (1 per 2,181 persons); hospital beds 27,202 (1 per 704 persons); infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births (1994) 91.9. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,268 (vegetable products 96%, animal products 4%); 94% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1997): 387,500 (army 90.3%, navy 0.7%, air force 9.0%). Military expenditure as percentage of GDP (1994): 18.0%{8} (world, n.a.); per capita expenditure U.S.$136. {1} Multipartyism is officially authorized, but political power is in fact concentrated in a single-party apparatus. {2} Elective seats as of March 1996 elections; 30 additional seats allotted to the Kurdish Autonomous Region were filled by presidential appointment. {3} Kurdish is official in the Kurdish Autonomous Region only. {4} Exchange bureau (semiofficial) rate. {5} Census population of Oct. 16, 1997, equaled 22,017,983; 1998 estimate is from the current U.S. Census Bureau time series estimations. {6} Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. {7} UN-imposed trade sanctions in place from August 1990 through October 1997. {8} Estimated figure(s). {9} Based on estimated imports equaling U.S.$608,000,000. {10} No scheduled air service since June 1992.