STATISTICS: IRAN

Iran Official name: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran (Islamic Republic of Iran). Form of government: unitary Islamic republic with one legislative house (Islamic Consultative Assembly ). Supreme political/religious authority: Leader{1}. Head of state and government: President. Capital: Tehran. Official language: Farsi (Persian). Official religion: Islam. Monetary unit: 1 rial (Rls); valuation (Sept. 25, 1998) 1 U.S.$ = Rls 3,000{2}; 1 = Rls 5,108{2}. Demography Population (1998): 61,531,000{3}. Density (1998): persons per sq mi 96.9, persons per sq km 37.4. Urban-rural (1995-96): urban 58.3%; rural 41.7%. Sex distribution (1991): male 51.52%; female 48.48%. Age breakdown (1991): under 15, 44.3%; 15-29, 26.6%; 30-44, 15.1%; 45-59, 8.2%; 60-74, 4.8%; 75 and over, 1.0%. Population projection: (2000) 63,328,000; (2010) 73,130,000. Doubling time: 26 years. Ethnic composition (1995): Persian 51%; Azerbaijani 24%; Gilaki/Mazandarani 8%; Kurd 7%; Arab 3%; Luri 2%; Balochi 2%; other 3%. Religious affiliation (1995): Muslim 99.0%; (Shi'i 93.4%, Sunni 5.6%); Baha`i 0.6%; Christian 0.3%; Zoroastrian 0.05%; Jewish 0.05%. Major cities (1994): Tehran 6,750,043; Mashhad 1,964,489; Esfahan 1,220,595; Tabriz 1,166,203; Shiraz 1,042,801; Ahvaz 828,380; Qom 780,453. Vital statistics Birth rate per 1,000 population (1996): 33.7 (world avg. 25.0). Death rate per 1,000 population (1996): 6.6 (world avg. 9.3). Total fertility rate (avg. births per childbearing woman; 1996): 4.7. Marriage rate per 1,000 population (1993): 7.9. Divorce rate per 1,000 population (1993): 0.5. Life expectancy at birth (1996): male 66.1 years; female 68.7 years. Major causes of death per 100,000 population (1990){4}: diseases of the circulatory system 304; accidents and violence 108; malignant neoplasms (cancers) 61; diseases of the respiratory system 48; infectious diseases 34. National economy Budget (1996-97) . Revenue: Rls 54,369,000,000,000 (oil revenue 51.5%, taxes 19.6%, other 28.9%). Expenditures: Rls 54,619,000,000,000 (current expenditure 58.5%, development expenditure 41.5%). Public debt (external, outstanding; 1996): U.S.$15,917,000,000. Tourism (1995-96): receipts U.S.$67,000,000; expenditures U.S.$241,000,000. Gross national product (1995-96): U.S.$60,792,000,000 (U.S.$1,000 per capita). Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture, forestry, fishing (1996): wheat 11,200,000, sugar beets 4,000,000, barley 3,000,000, rice 2,300,000, tomatoes 2,150,000, apples 2,000,000, grapes 1,900,000, sugarcane 1,900,000, oranges 1,600,000, onions 1,200,000, dates 795,000, lemons and limes 655,000, corn (maize) 600,000, seed cotton 512,000, pistachios 282,000; livestock (number of live animals) 51,499,000 sheep, 8,492,000 cattle; roundwood (1995) 7,463,000 cu m; fish catch (1995) 368,300. Mining and quarrying (1994-95): gypsum 8,230,000{5}; iron ore (metal content) 4,300,000{6}; copper ore (metal content) 117,900; zinc ore (metal content) 72,900; chromite (metal content) 39,000. Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$'000,000; 1994): iron and steel 890; food products 755; textiles 635; transport equipment 473; electrical machinery 461; bricks, tiles. and cement 451. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 1995-96) 84,969,000,000 (79,128,000,000{6}); coal (metric tons; 1994) 980,000 (1,280,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 1995-96) 1,318,000,000 (343,300,000{6}); petroleum products (metric tons; 1994) 45,500,000 (47,180,000); natural gas (cu m; 1995-96) 39,100,000,000 (39,000,000,000). Population economically active (1991): total 14,736,704; activity rate 26.4% (participation rates: ages 15-64, 46.8%; female 11.1%. Household income and expenditure. Average household size (1991): 5.1; income per urban household (1988) Rls 1,339,970 (U.S.$19,536); sources of urban income (1988): wages 37.4%, self-employment 30.5%, other 32.1%; expenditure (1990-91): food, beverages, and tobacco 42.6%{7}, housing and energy 24.9%, clothing 11.8%. Land use (1994): forest 7.0%; pasture 26.9%; agriculture 11.1%; other 55.0%. Foreign trade Imports (1994-95): U.S.$11,795,000,000 (nonelectrical machinery 34.4%, electrical machinery 7.1%, iron and steel 5.9%, grains 5.8%, transportation equipment 5.4%). Major import sources: Germany 18.7%; Italy 8.5%; Japan 7.6%; Belgium 5.5%; U.A.E. 5.5%. Exports (1994-95): U.S.$19,428,000,000 (petroleum and natural gas 75.2%, carpets 11.0%, pistachios 2.0%, iron and steel 1.8%). Major export destinations: Japan 15.1%; U.S. 13.9%; U.K. 9.2%; Germany 6.2%; S. Korea 4.8%. Transport Transport. Railroads (1995): route length 4,527 mi, 7,286 km; (1993) passenger-km 6,422,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 9,124,000,000. Roads (1995): length 98,200 mi, 158,000 km (paved 59%). Vehicles (1994): passenger cars 1,630,000: trucks and buses 609,000. Merchant marine (1992): vessels (100 gross tons and over) 403; total deadweight tonnage 8,345,269. Air transport (1996){8}: passenger-km 6,128,000,000; metric ton-km cargo 109,600,000; airports (1996) with scheduled flights 19. Education and health Educational attainment (1986). Percentage of population age 25 and over having: no formal schooling 12.8%; secondary education 38.0%; higher 7.8%. Literacy (1994): total population age 15 and over literate 25,300,000 (72.1%); males literate 14,200,000 (78.4%); females literate 11,100,000 (65.8%). Health (1995): physicians (1994) 37,000 (1 per 1,600 persons); hospital beds 93,000 (1 per 650 persons); infant mortality rate (1996) 52.7. Food (1995): daily per capita caloric intake 2,955 (vegetable products 91%, animal products 9%); 123% of FAO recommended minimum requirement. Military Total active duty personnel (1996): 513,000 (revolutionary guard corps 23.4%, army 67.3%, navy 3.5%, air force 5.8%). Military expenditure as percentage of GNP (1995): 2.6% (world 2.8%); per capita expenditure U.S.$65. {1} Not required to be a supreme theological authority. {2} Export rate. {3} De jure estimate excluding refugees. {4} Projected rates based on about 20% of total deaths. {5} 1995. {6} 1994. {7} Includes caf and hotel expenditures. {8} Iran Air.