YONKERS

city, Westchester county, southeastern New York, U.S., on the east shore of the Hudson River, in a hilly region north of the Bronx, New York City. The site, once a major village, Nappeckamack, of the Manhattan Indians, was acquired by the Dutch West India Company in 1639. Adriaen van der Donckknown as De Jonkheer, a courtesy title roughly equivalent to young lord, or gentleman (whence, phonetically, Yonkers)was given a land grant in 1646 and established the patroonship (estate) of Colendonck in 1652. The lands were then bought by Frederick Philipse who built a manor house there in 1682 (later used as the Yonkers city hall). The manor was confiscated (1779) because the founder's great grandson espoused the Tory cause during the American Revolution; it is now a state historic site. A thriving farm village within the Town (township) of Yonkers (established in 1788), Yonkers was connected to New York City by railroad in 1849. The Otis Elevator Works was established there in 1854. The southern portion of old Yonkers was annexed to what later became the Bronx in 1874. Industry is now well diversified and includes the manufacture of plastic bags, valves, electronic components, and stamped metal products. St. Joseph's Seminary and College was established there in 1891. St. Andrews Golf Club, the oldest in the United States, was organized in Yonkers in 1888; it has since moved to Hastings-on-Hudson. The local Hudson River Museum of Westchester has regional art and science exhibits. Inc. village, 1855; city, 1872. Pop. (1990) 188,082; (1998 est.) 190,153.