25B6; noun . See list.
Nobel Prizewinners
Physics (from 1950)
1950 Cecil Frank Powell
1951 John Cockcroft
E. T. S. Walton
1952 Felix Bloch
E. M. Purcell
1953 Frits Zernike
1954 Max Born
Walther Bothe
1955 Willis Eugene Lamb
Polykarp Kusch
1956 William Shockley
John Bardeen
Walter Houser Brattain
1957 Chen Ning Yang
Tsung-Dao Lee
1958 Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
Il'ja Mikhailovich Frank
Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
1959 Emilio Segré
Owen Chamberlain
1960 Donald A. Glaser
1961 Robert Hofstadter
Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
1962 Lev Davidovich Landau
1963 Eugene P. Wigner
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
J. Hans. D. Jensen
1964 Charles H. Townes
Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov
Alexsandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
1965 Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
Julian Schwinger
Richard P. Feynman
1966 Alfred Kastler
1967 Hans Albrecht Bethe
1968 Luis W. Alvarez
1969 Murray Gell-Mann
1970 Hannes Alfvén
Louis Néel
1971 Dennis Gabor
1972 John Bardeen
Leon N. Cooper
J. Robert Schrieffer
1973 Leo Esaki
Ivar Giaever
Brian D. Josephson
1974 Martin Ryle
Antony Hewish
1975 Aage Bohr
Ben Mottelson
James Rainwater
1976 Burton Richter
Samuel C. C. Ting
1977 Philip W. Anderson
Nevill F. Mott
John H. Van Vleck
1978 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
Arno A. Penzias
Robert W. Wilson
1979 Sheldon L. Glashow
Abdus Salam
Steven Weinberg
1980 James W. Cronin
Val L. Fitch
1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen
Arthur L. Schawlow
Kai M. Siegbahn
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson
1983 Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
William A. Fowler
1984 Carlo Rubbia
Simon van der Meer
1985 Klaus von Klitzing
1986 Ernst Ruska
Gerd Binnig
Heinrich Rohrer
1987 Alex Müller
Georg Bednorz
1988 Leon Lederman
Melvin Schwartz
Jack Steinberger
1989 Hans Dehmelt
Wolfgang Paul
Norman Ramsey
1990 Jerome Friedman
Henry Kendall
Richard Taylor
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
1992 Georges Charpak
1993 Joseph Taylor
Russell Hulse
1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse
Clifford G. Shull
1995 Martin L. Perl
Frederick Reines
1996 David M. Lee
Douglas D. Osheroff
Robert C Richardson
1997 Steven Chu
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
William D. Philips
1998 Robert B. Laughlin
Horst L. Störmer
Daniel C. Tsui
1999 Gerardus 't Hooft
Martinus Veltman
2000 Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby
2001 Eric A. Cornell
Wolfgang Ketterle
Carl E. Wieman
Chemistry (from 1950)
1950 Otto Diels
Kurt Alder
1951 Edwin McMillan
Glenn T. Seaborg
1952 A. J. P. Martin
R. L. M. Synge
1953 Hermann Staudinger
1954 Linus Pauling
1955 Vincent du Vigneaud
1956 Cyril Hinshelwood
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
1957 Lord Alexander Todd
1958 Frederick Sanger
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovsky
1960 Willard Libby
1961 Melvin Calvin
1962 Max Perutz
John Kendrew
1963 Karl Ziegler
Giulio Natta
1964 Dorothy Hodgkin
1965 R. B. Woodward
1966 Robert S. Mulliken
1967 Manfred Eigen
Ronald Norrish
Lord George Porter
1968 Lars Onsager
1969 Derek Barton
Odd Hassel
1970 Luis F. Leloir
1971 Gerhard Herzeberg
1972 Christian B. Anfinsen
Stanford Moore
William H. Stein
1973 Ernst Fischer
Geoffrey Wilkinson
1974 Paul J. Flory
1975 John Cornforth
Vladimir Prelog
1976 William N. Lipscomb
1977 Ilya Prigogine
1978 Peter D. Mitchell
1979 Herbert C. Brown
Georg Wittig
1980 Paul Berg
Walter Gilbert
Frederick Sanger
1981 Kenichi Fukui
Roald Hoffman
1982 Aaron Klug
1983 Henry Taube
1984 Bruce Merrifield
1985 Herbert Hauptman
Jerome Karle
1986 Dudley Herschbach
Yuan Tseh Lee
John Polanyi
1987 Donald Cram
Jean-Marie Lehn
Charles Pedersen
1988 Johann Deisenhofer
Robert Huber
Hartmut Michel
1989 Sidney Altman
Thomas Cech
1990 Elias Corey
1991 Richard Ernst
1992 Rudolph Marcus
1993 Michael Smith
Kary Mullis
1994 George Olah
1995 Paul Crutzen
Mario J. Molina
F. Sherwood Rowland
1996 Robert P. Curl
Harold Kroto
Richard E. Smalley
1997 John E. Walker
Paul D. Boyer
Jens C. Skou
1998 Walter Kohn
John A. Pople
1999 Ahmed Zewail
2000 Alan J. Heeger
Alan G. McDiarmid
Hideki Shirakawa
2001 William S. Knowles
Ryoji Noyori
K. Barry Sharpless
Physiology or Medicine (from 1950)
1950 Edward Kendall
Tadeus Reichstein
Philip Hench
1951 Max Theiler
1952 Selman Waksman
1953 Hans Krebs
Fritz Lipmann
1954 John Enders
Thomas H. Weller
Frederick Robbins
1955 Hugo Theodor Theorell
1956 André F. Cournand
Werner Forssmann
Dickinson W. Richards
1957 Daniel Bovet
1958 George Beadle
Edward L. Tatum
Joshua Lederberg
1959 Severo Ochoa
Arthur Kornberg
1960 Macfarlane Burnet
Peter Medawar
1961 Georg von Békésy
1962 Francis Crick
James Watson
Maurice Wilkins
1963 John Carew Eccles
Alan Hodgkin
Andrew Fielding Huxley
1964 Konrad Bloch
Feodor Lynen
1965 François Jacob
André Lwoff
Jacques Monod
1966 Peyton Rous
Charles B. Huggins
1967 Ragnar Granit
Haldan Hartline
George Wald
1968 Robert W. Holley
Har Gobind Khorana
Marshall W. Nirenberg
1969 Max Delbrück
Alfred D. Hershey
Salvador E. Luria
1970 Bernard Katz
Ulf von Euler
Julius Axelrod
1971 Earl W. Sutherland
1972 Gerald M. Edelman
Rodney R. Porter
1973 Karl von Frisch
Konrad Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen
1974 Albert Claude
Christian de Duve
George E. Palade
1975 David Baltimore
Renato Dulbecco
Howard Temin
1976 Baruch S. Blumberg
D. Carleton Gajdusek
1977 Roger Guillemin
Andrew V. Schally
Rosalyn Yalow
1978 Werner Arber
Daniel Nathans
Hamilton O. Smith
1979 Allan M. Cormack
Godfrey Hounsfield
1980 Baruj Benacerraf
Jean Dausset
George D. Snell
1981 Roger W. Sperry
David H. Hubel
Torsten N. Wiesel
1982 Sune K. Bergström
Bengt I. Samuelson
John Vane
1983 Barbara McClintock
1984 Niels K. Jerne
Georges J. F. Köhler
César Milstein
1985 Joseph Goldstein
Michael Brown
1986 Stanley Cohen
Rita Levi-Montalcini
1987 Susumu Tonegawa
1988 James Black
Gertrude Elion
George Hitchings
1989 Michael Bishop
Harold Varmus
1990 Joseph Murray
E. Donnall Thomas
1991 Erwin Neher
Bert Sakmann
1992 Edmond Fischer
Edwin Krebs
1993 Phillip Sharp
Richard Roberts
1994 Alfred G. Gilman
Martin Rodbell
1995 Edward B. Lewis
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Eric F. Wieschaus
1996 Peter C. Doherty
Rolf M. Zinkernagel
1997 Stanley B. Prusiner
1998 Robert F. Furchgott
Louis J. Ignarro
Ferid Murad
1999 Günter Blobel
2000 Arvid Carlsson
Paul Greengard
Eric R. Kandel
2001 Leland H. Hartwell
Tim Hunt
Paul Nurse
Literature (from 1950)
1950 Bertrand Russell
1951 Pär Lagerkvist
1952 François Mauriac
1953 Winston Churchill
1954 Ernest Hemingway
1955 Halldór Laxness
1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez
1957 Albert Camus
1958 Boris Pasternak
1959 Salvatore Quasimodo
1960 Saint-John Perse
1961 Ivo Andri 0107;
1962 John Steinbeck
1963 George Seferis
1964 Jean-Paul Sartre (declined to accept)
1965 Mikhail Sholokhov
1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon
Nelly Sachs
1967 Miguel Angel Asturias
1968 Kawabata Yasunari
1969 Samuel Beckett
1970 Alexander Solzhenitsyn
1971 Pablo Neruda
1972 Heinrich Böll
1973 Patrick White
1974 Eyvind Johnson
Harry Martinson
1975 Eugenio Montale
1976 Saul Bellow
1977 Vicente Aleixandre
1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer
1979 Odysseus Elytis
1980 Czeslaw Milosz
1981 Elias Canetti
1982 Gabriel Garcia Márquez
1983 William Golding
1984 Jaroslav Seifert
1985 Claude Simon
1986 Wole Soyinka
1987 Joseph Brodsky
1988 Naguib Mahfouz
1989 Camilo José Cela
1990 Octavio Paz
1991 Nadine Gordimer
1992 Derek Walcott
1993 Toni Morrison
1994 Kenzaburo Oë
1995 Seamus Heaney
1996 Wis 0142; awa Szymborska
1997 Dario Fo
1998 José Saramago
1999 Günter Grass
2000 Gao Xingjian
2001 V. S. Naipaul
Peace (from 1950)
1950 Ralph Bunche
1951 Léon Jouhaux
1952 Albert Schweitzer
1953 George C. Marshall
1954 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1955 no award
1956 no award
1957 Lester B. Pearson
1958 Georges Henri Pire
1959 Philip J. Noel-Baker
1960 Albert John Lutuli
1961 Dag Hammarskjöld
1962 Linus Pauling
1963 International Committee of the Red Cross
League of Red Cross Societies
1964 Martin Luther King
1965 United Nations Children's Fund
1966 no award
1967 no award
1968 René Cassin
1969 International Labour Organization
1970 Norman Borlaug
1971 Willy Brandt
1972 no award
1973 Henry Kissinger
Le Duc Tho
1974 Seán MacBride
Eisaku Sato
1975 Andrei Sakharov
1976 Betty Williams
Mairead Corrigan
1977 Amnesty International
1978 Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat
Menachem Begin
1979 Mother Teresa
1980 Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
1981 Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
1982 Alva Myrdal
Alfonso García Robles
1983 Lech Wa 0142; esa
1984 Desmond Tutu
1985 International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
1986 Elie Wiesel
1987 Oscar Arias Sánchez
1988 United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
1989 Dalai Lama
1990 Mikhail Gorbachev
1991 Aung San Suu Kyi
1992 Rigoberta Menchú
1993 Nelson Mandela
F. W. de Klerk
1994 Yasser Arafat
Shimon Peres
Yitzhak Rabin
1995 Joseph Rotblat
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
1996 Bishop Carlos Belo
José Ramos-Horta
1997 International Campaign to Ban Landmines
Jody Williams
1998 John Hume
David Trimble
1999 Médecins Sans Frontières
2000 Kim Dae Jung
2001 United Nations
Kofi Annan
Economic Sciences
1969 Ragnar Frisch
Jan Tinbergen
1970 Paul A. Samuelson
1971 Simon Kuznets
1972 John Hicks
Kenneth J. Arrow
1973 Wassily Leontief
1974 Gunnar Myrdal
Friedrich August von Hayek
1975 Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich
Tjalling C. Koopmans
1976 Milton Friedman
1977 Bertil Ohlin
James E. Meade
1978 Herbert A. Simon
1979 Theodore W. Schultz
Arthur Lewis
1980 Lawrence R. Klein
1981 James Tobin
1982 George J. Stigler
1983 Gerard Debreu
1984 Richard Stone
1985 Franco Modigliani
1986 James Buchanan
1987 Robert M. Solow
1988 Maurice Allais
1989 Trygve Haavelmo
1990 Harry M. Markowitz
William F. Sharpe
Merton Miller
1991 Ronald Coase
1992 Gary Becker
1993 Robet Fogel
Douglass North
1994 John Harsanyi
John Nash
Reinhard Selten
1995 Robert E. Lucas Jr.
1996 James A. Mirrlees
William Vickrey
1997 Myron S. Scholes
Robert C. Merton
1998 Amartya Sen
1999 Robert A. Mundell
2000 James J. Heckman
Daniel McFadden
2001 George A. Akerlof
A. Michael Spence
Joseph E. Stiglitz