INDICATORS

Signals - of processes, inputs, outputs, effects, results, outcomes, impacts, etc. - that enable such phenomena to be judged or measured. Both qualitative and quantitative indicators are needed for management learning, policy review, monitoring and evaluation. In Biology, an organism, species or community whose characteristics show the presence of specific environmental conditions, good or bad . In plant breeding an indicator gene is one which is expressed phenotypically to help identify the gene presence in a cross (e.g.: flower colour). Choudhury and Jansen (1997)