noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
bond/currency/commodity etc trader
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To the surprise of many Wall Street traders, the dollar rose yesterday.
common currency
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Words like ‘spliff’ and ‘blunt’ have become common currency.
convertible currency
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a convertible currency
counterfeit currency/money etc
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counterfeit £10 notes
currency exchange
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We have seen wide fluctuations in rates of currency exchange this year.
debase a currency/coinage (= reduce its value )
devalued...currency
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Nigeria has just devalued its currency .
hard currency
land/property/currency etc holding
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companies with large property holdings
single currency
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Europe is moving steadily towards a single currency.
soft currency
weak currency/economy etc
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The pound was weak against the dollar.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
convertible
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Perhaps in two or three years we will have a convertible currency .
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The reserves are composed of convertible foreign currencies , gold and International Monetary Fund special drawing rights.
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There is still no mobile phone system, no credit cards and no convertible currency .
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The world's major currencies are all convertible into other currencies on demand by residents and non-residents of those countries.
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He has argued for the introduction of a convertible currency parallel to the existing non-convertible rouble.
domestic
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As a general point banks in many countries were highly regulated in relation to deposits and lending conducted in their own domestic currency .
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The standard economic answer to both these questions is that the price of foreign exchange should be raised in terms of the domestic currency .
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This market constitutes the Eurocurrency market plus deposits in domestic and foreign currency held by non-residents.
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Government intervention, usually involving the direct buying or selling of domestic and foreign currencies by central banks.
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Foreign currency receipts must be converted into the domestic currency in use in the exporter's country.
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An importer might be able to make payment in his own domestic currency if this is acceptable to the exporter.
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Any company or bank conducting business outside of its domestic currency zone must have access to international capital.
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The reader should ascertain the position regarding his own domestic currency .
foreign
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To convert foreign currency into sterling divide the amount by the rate of exchange.
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Kumar was arrested on Saturday last week, charged with violating foreign currency laws.
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Such economic nationalists favored import-substitution strategies that reduced the need for foreign currency by producing vital goods domestically.
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Predictably, as Table 3.4 confirms, their liabilities are overwhelmingly in foreign currency and are heavily weighted towards time deposits.
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Derivatives are contracts whose values are tied to an underlying security, such as a foreign currency or a bond.
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The market also contains around 10-12 foreign exchange brokers who link buyers and sellers of foreign currency .
hard
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Anything bringing hard currency into the island is welcomed.
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In 1982 oil made up about 60% of the Soviet Union's hard currency income.
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They could be purchased with hard currency but not roubles.
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The black market in hard currency was reborn.
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The decree also established from Jan. 1, 1991, currency exchanges where enterprises could sell roubles for hard currency.
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From Sept. 15 foreigners were forbidden to export scarce consumer goods, unless purchased for hard currency .
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It is almost as if there is an orchestrated campaign to take hard currency out of the market-place.
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The Communist foreign trading company, Limex, was commissioned to market the Wall and drum up some hard currency .
international
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The medium of world commerce was often the sterling bill of exchange, which provided something like an international currency .
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We can offer current accounts with overdraft facilities and deposit and loan accounts in any major international currency .
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Central bank governors have blown fortunes trying to fight against momentum in the international currency market.
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The least bad variant might actually be for the international currency markets to take it apart.
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Otherwise we put the continuity of vital work in jeopardy by failing to shelter it from the winds of international currency exchanges.
local
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At a stroke the government removed about 70% of the local currency from the economy.
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Agriculture and construction division sales fell 6 percent to 3. 375 billion francs, and rose 5 percent in local currencies .
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Devaluation will increase the local currency costs of servicing foreign currency-denominated debt.
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They also need to know what the local currency is, the exchange rate and the rate of inflation.
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In local currencies , group sales rose 14 percent.
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Mr Mugabe's government could and did buy farmland over the years using local currency .
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In local currencies , sales rose 11 percent from 14. 75 billion francs.
major
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During this period the dollar appreciated by 55 percent as an average against major currencies .
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Moreover, technically speaking, this would be the perfect moment to amalgamate the three major currencies into one.
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Meanwhile, the dollar was higher against other major currencies .
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The minimum balance is US$1,000 or the equivalent in the major currencies and US$3,000 otherwise.
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Problem No. 3 is that they accept only major currencies .
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The minimum balance is the equivalent of US$10,000 in major currencies and US$15,000 otherwise.
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The dollar fell against a basket of 10 major currencies tracked by Finex, a financial futures exchange.
national
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Thousands of residents could walk about the city observing the fall of the national currency .
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Moreover once there are separate national currencies , there are costs of servicing the foreign exchange market.
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Member countries retain their respective currencies but there exists a parallel currency which circulates side by side with the national currencies.
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First, most people like their national currency .
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If there is no insulating national currency , declining competitiveness must translate directly into unemployment.
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As prices for other foods, electricity and gasoline more than tripled, the national currency , the lev, crashed.
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This is not the case when a national currency is replaced by a foreign currency.
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Here the dollar gradually replaces the national currency as a reserve value, means of payment and unit of account.
new
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Frequently, the government will simply announce a new currency and guarantee that currency with some-thing of value, like gold.
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And fears are multiplying that professional counterfeiters will take advantage of the unfamiliarity of the new currency to circulate forged notes.
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In practice, the issue of new currency in the United Kingdom is geared towards meeting the expenditure requirements of consumers.
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Will that be enough to prompt support for the new currency among the public in the eurozone countries?
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I shall invite them to join us in putting the pound, franc and lira into a new currency bloc.
other
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By converting pounds to other currencies investors are gambling that the pound will fall.
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Alongside these markets, using in some cases quite literally parallel instruments, are markets for lending and borrowing other currencies .
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People will thus choose to keep their liquid assets in other currencies .
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Appendix 3 Exchange Rate Comparisons Table 9.6 shows data for the sterling effective exchange rate as well as for other currencies .
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Banks also make other currency advances to traders, multinational corporations and sovereign governments.
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Most of the business was in shorter-term sterling futures as the pound gained against other currencies .
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One is a parity grid arrangement, whereby upper and lower intervention rates are established for each currency against every other currency.
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This was due mainly to the very high value of sterling against other currencies .
single
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If at some stage we entered into a single currency , we should have to deal with a different matter.
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It came at a moment when skepticism over the pace toward full economic union and the single currency has been mounting.
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A society with n independent currencies should be times as stable as one with a single currency.
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It simply agreed a timetable for producing a single currency by, at the latest, 1999 - with or without Britain.
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The exchange rate mechanism is a voluntary prototype for a single currency .
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The greater the economic impact of the single currency , the greater the pressure for and chance of further harmonization.
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A fundamental policy split between them could threaten the successful functioning of the single currency .
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Whether there would continue to be a single currency was, however, unresolved.
strong
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A strong currency strategy is not without risks.
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A country that maintains a strong banking system and a strong, stable currency reaps real rewards.
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One was that it might not be as attractive as some of the stronger currencies and so its general acceptability might suffer.
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While governments dither, funds leave those countries with weak currencies and go to those countries with strong currencies.
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While a strong currency has some virtues, officialdom is probably a little too complacent.
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But many critics claim the policy of a strong currency has decisively contributed to sluggish growth and record unemployment in both countries.
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But the dollar was regarded as a strong currency and was therefore popular in international trade.
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A strong currency is also fueling prospects for moderating consumer prices and falling rates.
weak
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This could not support weak currencies indefinitely.
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That will lead them to seek weaker currencies to boost their exports, traders said.
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Attention on world money markets then switched to the next weakest currency - the pound.
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While governments dither, funds leave those countries with weak currencies and go to those countries with strong currencies.
wide
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Rothschild's Old Court International Reserves has the widest choice of currencies and it is easy to invest.
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These are key ideas in the dominant ideology of patriarchy which have much wider currency and impact than in penology.
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This belief gained wide currency among Sinhalese of all social strata in the twentieth century.
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This argument has received wide currency , in part because it again presents Gloucester as the victim of circumstances rather than their manipulator.
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Oral tradition was written down and gained a wider currency than ever before.
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Nevertheless the suggestion that structuralism and poststructuralism have denied history is a persuasive one which now has wide currency .
■ NOUN
board
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This cuts out the currency board as middleman, and has a similar economic effect.
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However, with a currency board , the process is reversible.
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Only Hong Kong, which had a formal currency board , retained its exchange rate; its experience is worth studying.
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A similar argument can be made for currency boards , on which Schuler had enthused earlier.
crisis
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Top of the agenda will be the currency crisis .
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Rolls warning JET-engine giant Rolls-Royce warned yesterday it may switch some production abroad because of Britain's currency crisis .
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The extremely lucrative trade in endangered species is proving irresistible to countries in grave currency crisis .
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The currency crisis , with higher mortgages and interest rates, means that consumers have far less disposable income.
exchange
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Czechoslovakia still insists on an inflated hard currency exchange rate which reflects its closed economy.
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But that friendship got her in trouble when her boss asked her to make the currency exchange .
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Best of all was to stroll about the currency exchange booths.
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The strength or weakness of the dollar dominates the ebbs and flows of world rates of currency exchange .
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Crowds gathered yesterday outside currency exchanges in the capital, Ankara.
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Unable to control the situation and unwilling to accept the real state of things the Central Bank simply closed the currency exchange .
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If they just make a straight currency exchange , they will still be liable for the yen interest payments.
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International trade thus involves an element of currency exchange risk.
fluctuations
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Pay determination is also hampered by such factors as inflation rates and currency fluctuations against the pound.
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National wage agreements no longer guarantee job security, particularly when currency fluctuations can make job creation unprofitable, he said.
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And with currency fluctuations , salaries with appear attractive initially can become decreasingly so over time.
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They are subject to alteration through increases in air fares and currency fluctuations .
market
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In return for a freer hand in the currency market private dealers were expected to play a more active role in industrial investment.
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The bond and currency markets , trading primarily via phone, operated throughout the day, but sluggishly.
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Governments have already decided that they can not accept a free currency market .
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In currency markets , when the going gets tough, the investors go to safer places.
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In London, light trading on currency markets saw the pound gain 10 points against a weak dollar to close at 1.4843.
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Can the currency market be calmed before things get out of hand?
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As the currency markets know only too well, a potentially damaging row over interest-rate policy has broken out.
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The rationale for an external currency market is differential national regulation.
reserve
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But even as the country's gold and currency reserves continued to drain away, worse was to come.
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Danzig's already depleted currency reserves dropped steadily.
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Growth this year is estimated at 4 %, and exports and foreign currency reserves are up.
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Foreign currency reserves had plunged to some US$2,300 million in early March, barely enough to cover three weeks' imports.
trader
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But the currency traders will not be forgotten.
union
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The creation of a currency union removes this disadvantage.
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In a parallel currency union , a member country's currency competes with the parallel currency.
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Similarly, a parallel currency union shares certain features with a currency union.
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In a currency union these transactions costs are eliminated.
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His economics minister is talking of currency union between the two Germanies by July.
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Further, in a currency union no government of a member country can manipulate the money supply growth rate for electoral purposes.
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Its central provision was the currency union of I July 1990, but it contained a number of other important provisions.
■ VERB
buy
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A country is required within 3 - 5 years to repurchase its drawings through buying back its own currency with foreign currencies.
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Rupiah are sold to buy dollars and other currencies to purchase those imports.
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Banker's drafts come a little more expensive but can be bought in any currency .
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They will therefore sell sterling and buy foreign currencies .
create
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The company has created its own internal currency .
devalue
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The dramatic move - effectively devaluing our currency - exposed the Prime Minister's general election pledges of economic recovery as worthless.
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To lower admission standards would be, in effect, to devalue the currency in which their diploma had been issued.
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Because cheats devalue the currency , business goes a long way to protect its brands.
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To reach an accord, the government will likely have to devalue its currency , which would help boost exports.
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For a high inflation country, the ability occasionally to devalue its currency is important and its exercise can yield benefits.
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Governments sometimes responded by promptly devaluing the currency to offset the cost disadvantage of the wage increases.
gain
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It was in these conditions that Marxist ideas began to gain currency .
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But then, of course, I knew how that idea had gained currency .
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During the 1880s Marxism began to gain currency among the revolutionary intelligentsia.
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Two misconceptions about the Treaty of Maastricht have been allowed to gain currency .
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This belief gained wide currency among Sinhalese of all social strata in the twentieth century.
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It gained currency during the period of national reawakening in the nineteenth century.
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Oral tradition was written down and gained a wider currency than ever before.
join
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We have exactly the same option to join a single currency at the same time as other member states if we wish.
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Few, though, believe Britain will join the single currency when it is scheduled to begin in January 1999.
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Can a majority of public opinion be won over to vote for joining a single currency in just three or four years?
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This would not happen were Britain to join the single currency .
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The Leader of the Opposition previously expressed three conditions for joining a single currency .
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But we are not obliged to join in a single currency if we do not want to.
pay
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Contributions are flexible, may be paid in any freely-convertible currency and may be salary related.
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Nevertheless, because of the greater uncertainties in the foreign exchange markets, more attention needs to be paid to currency risk.
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The price can be set below the competitors to attract foreign buyers who have to pay in hard currency .
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According to the Treaty, non-signatories would have to pay hard currency for their imports from the new Soviet Union.
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The companies had to be paid in their own currencies , at a much less favourable exchange rate than last year.
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And if you want interest paid in another currency , most banks and building societies offer special accounts with this option available.
trade
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Some 4,000 of the 13,000 currency dealers who had flourished in the 1980s struggled on, trading the remaining independent currencies.
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More advanced services include stock and mutual fund brokerage or trading services, currency trading, and credit or debit card management.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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A lot of the food grown in Mexico is exported to earn hard currency .
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Investors continued to swap yen for the currencies of nations that offer higher interest rates.
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Local banks give better rates for converting your traveler's checks into foreign currency .
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The dollar is now the overwhelming world currency .
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The Euro will eventually replace European national currencies.
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We soon got used to using Italian currency .
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What's the local currency in Malta?
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You can argue about the single currency but you can't opt out of the European Single Market.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Bank credit card vouchers and traveller's cheques and foreign currencies are entered on separate paying-in slips.
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It earns foreign currency by selling Pitcairn stamps, which used to be popular with collectors.
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It is almost as if there is an orchestrated campaign to take hard currency out of the market-place.
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Moreover, the reform process itself is part of the currency of political debate.
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One definition is exchanged for another, semantic currency is taken from one discursive economy and converted into the currency of another.
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The minimum balance is US$1,000 or the equivalent in the major currencies and US$3,000 otherwise.