noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a data file
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The bigger the data file, the more time is needed to search it.
biometric data
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biometric data
collate information/results/data/figures
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A computer system is used to collate information from across Britain.
comparable figures/data/results
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comparable figures for the same period of time last year
computer data
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CD ROMs store computer data.
data analysis
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the use of databases for data analysis
data bank
data mining
data processing
data protection
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security issues such as data protection
data transmission
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worldwide data transmission
electronic data interchange
evidence/results/data/studies etc suggest(s) that
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The evidence suggests that single fathers are more likely to work than single mothers.
experimental evidence/results/data
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A hypothesis is tested by finding experimental evidence for it.
inaccurate information/data etc
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He was fined $300,000 for making inaccurate statements to Congress.
personal data organizer
quantitative analysis/methods/data etc
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We need to do a proper quantitative analysis of this problem.
raw data
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software to convert raw data into usable information
seasonally adjusted figures/rates/data etc (= ones that are changed according to what usually happens at a particular time of year )
up-to-date information/data/figures/news etc
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They have access to up-to-date information through a computer database.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
available
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These points apart, each side twisted the available data to suit its own opinion.
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In 1994, the latest available national data , an average state employee in Arizona was paid $ 19, 587.
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Despite the limitations of the available data , the picture which emerges from this review is complex and interesting.
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The dispute involves speculative claims far beyond the available data .
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By contrast with our study, the available data for oral cisapride do not suggest that cisapride affects characteristics of oesophageal contraction.
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In looking at available official data we must bear these general limitations in mind.
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Inpart, the resolution of the paradox is almost certainly in terms of the accuracy of the available data .
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Hunting Reserves probably occur but no data is available .
electronic
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Some better-known examples are electronic mail, enhanced fax, and electronic data interchange.
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But, in general, they include systems for design, production control, distribution, electronic data interchange and so on.
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Other products include magazines, electronic data bases, and cartographic material.
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Since the 1950s there have been three major phases of electronic data creation.
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E-comms 6 1.5 25.0 Electronic solutions including data management and web design.
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As a result of the microcomputer revolution, electronic data processing has become a familiar feature of research in most humanities disciplines.
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Donations will be recorded on an electronic data base.
experimental
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Is the standard unified model the only possible explanation of the experimental data it so well describes?
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This feature is present in the standard unified model, so it is not surprising that the experimental data are satisfied.
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As agreement between calculated and experimental I-V spectra is good, this method is clearly viable for the analysis of experimental data .
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Each experimental data point in Figures 1 and 2 is the average of three experiments in three identical model biles.
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These plants, unlike the earlier tonics, have the backing of a large amount of experimental and clinical data .
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Data sets precluded from analysis are well documented, but the great bulk of typical experimental data will be handled.
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In nylon he found the Voigt average to be closest to experimental data .
historical
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The collection of historical data on natural hazards is important since it is clear that their spatial pattern varies through time.
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Preparing both training and test input files will not depend on historical data sets, which are usually controlled by some one else.
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Some well-informed practitioners are highly sceptical of the reliability of corporate betas based on historical data .
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This is the way we receive the historical data sheets.
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In addition to the specific limitations, there is the general caution which should be exercised in using historical data to document social change.
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For historical earnings data , type the ticker, followed by Equity&038;.
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Much of the historical data relate to the County Borough area.
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Neural nets can learn rule structures and patterns on their own from historical data or through experience.
large
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If you wish to pass large amounts of data between CHAINed programs, you should use a data file.
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This is not recommended because it is unreliable for large strings of data .
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There is particular expertise in computing applications, especially those using large data sets.
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Applications such as video conferencing requiring the exchange of large amounts of data at regular intervals can be deployed.
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The location-factor approach focused on large numerical data sets and on finding statistically significant relationships between variables.
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There are, in fact, large data gaps.
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This implies the need to store potentially very large , unstructured data objects as just another field in a database record.
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Software Systems: Software for telephone companies; computer data management software for scientific community and others using large amounts of data.
personal
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Assuming that eventually ail data users handling personal data on computers are registered, what has been achieved?
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Financial analysis and management have been revolutionized by technological improvements in personal computers and data processing equipment.
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Concern about the confidentiality of large amounts of personal data has necessitated legal action.
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Since I used a tax program last year, I was able to import personal data and avoid typing it at all.
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However, the directive is likely to remove any real distinction between personal data held on paper and on electronic systems.
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The directive requires, interalia, that compilers of personal data require the consent of the data subject for inclusion.
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This notice orders a data user to cease processing personal data immediately.
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The network will provide video-on-demand, interactive games, full-motion video, distance learning, personal communications and data network services.
quantitative
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In comparison with the elaborate quantitative data sets on voting we have little empirical information on this group phenomenon.
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More importantly, we retain the quantitative data that allows for post-inspection review or audit.
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The purpose of these techniques is to make quantitative data available to managers in order to aid decision-making, planning and control.
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Our life. history interviews will help us fill in the meaning of our quantitative data .
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These are statements of probable sales, costs and other relevant financial and quantitative data . ii.
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However, if the study involves quantitative analysis of data , then some discussion is in order.
raw
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Purely descriptive studies serve as the raw data for those comparative studies that aspire to higher levels of explanation.
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Competing against time and against one an-other, they tweaked and massaged the raw seismic data with complex computer models.
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That is what will happen when we get what the hon. Gentleman describes as the raw data .
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Team one is responsible for the collection and analysis of raw data received from the volunteer force.
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As he pores over all this raw data the field-worker discovers certain interesting patterns and principles in terms of which his information makes sense.
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Still, the raw scope of data can be addictive.
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It is no good saying that they will comprise raw data .
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Data, raw data from which we have learned, seemingly, nothing.
statistical
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What is particularly interesting from the historical viewpoint is the manner in which refinement of the statistical data has altered the record.
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The process engineering people collected statistical data on 17 parameters involved in the fabrication of thin film circuits.
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The statistical data is not sufficiently large to enable satisfactory significance tests to be performed.
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The inputs corresponded to actual statistical data for thin-film processing thicknesses taken at five different time intervals during a day.
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Some statistical data is always included and, again, care is needed to avoid any ambiguity.
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But statistical data , financial reports, and tables are often printed across wider paper.
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This section has just presented some statistical data on such differences.
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They will also work in Soviet archives, where a great deal of new statistical data has become available.
■ NOUN
analysis
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Knowledge of the application area gained from data analysis will provide this information.
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Many new data analysis designs have been developed since that time.
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This means that the data analysis stage is as crucial as the implementation stage of the computer applications.
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There are interviewers, data analysis experts, and research assistants to be employed by the project.
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All the authors participated in data analysis and interpretation.
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Describes the process of data analysis .
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One of the most important techniques of data analysis described in the text is entity modelling.
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Systems analysis in general - and data analysis is a branch of systems analysis - is an art, not an exact science.
bank
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They formed the starting-point for contemporary sociobiological theory and the main data bank of facts.
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Most of the 20,000 asteroids in our data banks remain on well-behaved paths, for ever circuiting the sun in the main belt.
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Once there it may appear on editor's data bank visual display unit as a single-line headline.
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By using test-kits and keeping a record of the readings obtained you also build-up and invaluable data bank for future reference.
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The comm-link details for reaching us are available in a number of professional directory data banks .
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AR-WACC has decided to establish a computerised communication data bank for the Region.
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His 10-point information policy stresses free access, establishment of information resource centres and public access to data banks .
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And although the Act is all about computerised data banks , the word computer is not mentioned in the principles.
base
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Now we hope to build a data base to analyse why one last is more successful than another.
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While based upon an extensive data base and significant historical research, this Rand report has been criticized as being too pessimistic.
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It takes San Francisco marriage certificates for 1980 as its main data base .
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Others manage computer operations, software development, or data bases .
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For example, the validity of a string of phonemes depends on what is in the lexical data base .
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Abstract searching and updating of the data bases are done centrally and then disseminated to the centers.
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Without this massive data base , all you read in from the bar code is a meaningless number.
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Companies that use refund coupons are now developing a huge data base of information on consumer preferences, Wright says.
collection
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It is a large-scale data collection and analysis exercise begun back in the early 1960s by the General Electric Company.
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Copies of this schedule should be constructed in such a fashion that easy access be afforded the data collection process.
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But comprehensive data collection ran ahead of a capacity for meaningful analysis, and prescriptive content was disappointing.
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The data collection schedule will be attached following the footnote reference list.
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Cumbria has been included in the Leukaemia Research Fund data collection study since it began in 1984.
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This will be followed by a period of continued observation and data collection of the target behavior or set of behaviors.
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Processing is then designed to minimize wastage and maximize data collection .
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It is possible that a data collection schedule contains but one instrument.
file
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If you wish to pass large amounts of data between CHAINed programs, you should use a data file .
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For example: To move a data file from a folder to the desktop, you click, drag and drop.
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But for the most sensitive material, Mr Hook suggests encrypting data files and scrambling information.
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On what basis could counsel claim such a data file was irrelevant or privileged?
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Where operation is to be directly from a different data file directory then TableCurve has to be in the dos path.
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It will also show you which data files are associated with which applications.
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The first deals with character data files .
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The programs and data files have distinctive icons, providing a user-friendly graphical interface when run under OpenWindows.
processing
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But, it has given no indication of whether it intends to acquire or dispose of any data processing activities.
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This service is largely used for the development and operation of highly flexible management information systems rather than standard data processing work.
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The algorithms required for most data processing are relatively simple.
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Accountants, personnel administrators, economists, data processing experts and statisticians are all experts in a specialised field of work.
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In conventional data processing , on the other hand, files are seen as a department or single application resource.
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Ironically, the advent of de-centralised processing has made the work of the corporate data processing department harder.
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Many other groups of specialists have also withered away in the face of data processing .
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During that time, surveys covering over a hundred data processing installations were carried out.
set
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A key-sequenced file or data set is created, with its associated indexes, as a cluster.
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Preparing both training and test input files will not depend on historical data sets , which are usually controlled by some one else.
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The terminal data for the data sets will be 1920.
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Currently the data sets on suspect baggage are saved and used for future improvements on the system.
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The location-factor approach focused on large numerical data sets and on finding statistically significant relationships between variables.
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In the final analysis, conflicting molecular data sets can be judged by considering the biology of the considered organisms.
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The system is quoted as correctly recognising 94% of characters of a data set of 112 people's writing.
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That provided a large data set based on face-to-face interviews, self-completion questionnaires and physical surveys.
storage
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First, the use structure of information became even more detached from the data storage structure of that information.
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Data General reported strong sales of its CLARiiON data storage systems.
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If it proves as successful as its developer, Ramtron, claims, it could replace all other types of data storage .
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Sales of large-scale data storage devices also increased strongly, while earnings from computer maintenance services hardly changed.
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The answer can also be obtained by access to the index without recourse to the data storage area.
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This means adding just a little expanded memory produces a large percentage increase in the amount of memory available for data storage .
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Secondly, they want scalable systems for immediate high capacity of data storage with low entry cost.
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In traditional Fortran versions, the language's hierarchical data storage order isn't flexible and can not provide this information.
structure
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The knowledge sources communicated through a blackboard data structure .
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Many real-world data structures fit into the hierarchical pattern, however, and they are also readily understood.
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Borland has succeeded in making Quattro Pro for Windows easy to use when creating multiple worksheets and 3D data structures .
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Nowadays, however, most commercial systems will allow these different data structures to be mixed.
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As the flow of information was fixed, data structures could be tailored to the specific knowledge bases using them.
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This is a data structure with a condition an action and maybe a name other details.
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This chapter discusses these forms of the logical schema and also shows how the data structures might be described to the database.
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The analysis documentation will include the system inputs, outputs and data structures as well as the processing logic.
transfer
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But this means that data transfer between processor registers is slowed down to the speed of store access.
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Accurate, efficient data transfer with rapid notification of key partners and constituents is critical to effectively addressing emerging infectious disease threats.
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That accounts for the particularly speedy data transfer and seek times you can see in the benchmarks box.
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Simple arithmetic quickly tells us that this is equivalent to an average data transfer of 150,000 bytes per second.
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The first of these is the data transfer time.
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This file may be listed, during execution, to monitor data transfer progress.
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Software drivers to optimise the SCSI-II interface support up to 20Mbyte-per-second data transfer rates.
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The record search process is not usually lengthened at all, so only the increased data transfer time needs to be considered.
transmission
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What data transmission speeds are proposed?
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Cable systems can be integrated with wireless transmission networks to provide voice transmissions to phones and data transmissions to personal communicators.
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Our present system is analogue and the requirement for computer system links and data transmission may justify changing to a digital system.
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Private local-area networks on the Internet operate at data transmission speeds of 10 to 100 megabits per second.
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Broadcast data via satellites also have a wide band width enabling good data transmission .
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Generally, these networks do not have high-speed data transmission capabilities.
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My hon. Friend wanted to know about data transmission services.
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Murdoch said he hopes to expand beyond what those two companies offer and use satellites for data transmissions via computers.
■ VERB
analyse
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Many of the published regression models are quite successful in analysing past data .
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Radiation readings are taken every hour at each station and are transmitted to a central computer which analyses the data .
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Students will therefore need courses that will equip them for observing, collecting and analysing linguistic data .
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Using graphs to analyse your data is easier than examining the data cell-by-cell.
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This incidence was high partly because we analysed the data shortly after the occurrence of these events.
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All data sets obtained were initially analysed to determine whether data were normally or abnormally distributed.
based
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A statistical analysis based on this data suggests that well over half the stars are being orbited by rocky terrestrial material.
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While based upon an extensive data base and significant historical research, this Rand report has been criticized as being too pessimistic.
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It will be based on data collected from monitoring stations throughout the province.
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Apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives and state legislatures is based on census data .
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It is based on a cross-referential data model to support automation.
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By its very nature, political risk assessment must be subjective, i.e. not based on numerical data .
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It was based on official state data .
collect
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It contains sixteen basic rules, which include some for overall control and some which collect data .
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The methods of collecting data are different.
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The process engineering people collected statistical data on 17 parameters involved in the fabrication of thin film circuits.
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The research will collect and organise data on these, with a view to evaluating the economic models.
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Once you have defined your operational indicators, the next activity is to collect data .
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More neurons are needed to control their larger muscle mass and to collect data from their extra sensors.
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The neural network collects its data incrementally, every five minutes.
gather
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But quantitative and qualitative research methods will be used to gather data .
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The point of the interview is to make full and systematic use of this to gather data for research purposes.
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You must make these decisions before you gather data , or you will not get all the information necessary for your analysis.
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So we have to gather data on numbers and again rely on volunteers as our workforce and a source of financial help.
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The question of where to look for power is the first priority in gathering data .
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They gather little or no data of their own, but instead tend toward adhominem charges against the scholarly consensus.
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The idea is to gather data from a subset that reflects the most interesting characteristics of the larger population.
include
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They include specific industry data with a worldwide coverage.
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Be sure to include only relevant data .
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This includes agricultural data , socio-economic data and data on the natural environment.
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Other products include magazines, electronic data bases, and cartographic material.
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It includes data from 12 wells with different logging conditions and depths ranging from 2200 to 6700 meters.
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Preventive measures include data encryption using various cryptographic methods.
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Analysis of the choice opportunity to include data collection and evaluation of alternatives. 3.
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The company said the multicasting also will include high-speed transmission of data to business and home computers.
obtain
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It was recognised that several sources might have to be approached in order to obtain comprehensive data on this subject. 4.
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The purpose of the audit is to identify a problem and to obtain objective data for analysis.
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Second, we must obtain the data that is required to test that model.
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Inevitably and for ever, we are barred from obtaining the needed data for non-literate tribes which have disappeared.
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The research will obtain case-study data using observation and interviews.
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In the classroom, when you obtain new data from a language helper, always listen several times before mimicking.
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The aims of the programme were to obtain data and evidence for the technical and practical aspects of feasibility.
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The difficulty was always to obtain sufficiently high-quality data within a defined area.
present
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Kondratieff presented few data for growth from 1789 to 1814 from countries other than Britain because they had little growth to analyse.
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This section has just presented some statistical data on such differences.
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However, the overall pattern which is presented by Beattie's data suggests a rather more complicated picture.
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Therefore, we considered all subjects as belonging to one group when presenting the data for the these parameters.
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The transition of the Course to a new structure and regulations in 1985-86 presented a unique data processing challenge.
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First, it must present technical data on safety in a way that will encourage public debate.
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We have presented our data in the same way as MacKenzie and Jefferies from Oxford.
process
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This is the sharp end of modern cartography, a revolution in processing geographic data for practical uses.
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This unique ability to determine how to process the data is usually referred to as self-organization.
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Dennis's mornings were fully taken up meeting clients, delegating responsibilities, processing figures and accessing data .
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Or, different nets may need to process data simultaneously to produce a combined result.
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The knowledge workers in the insurance company were responsible for processing this mass of data to maintain operational control of the business.
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Retraining of the network to adapt to changes in the operating environment requires only processing time and new data .
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This notice orders a data user to cease processing personal data immediately.
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The neural network approach requires fewer resources than conventional statistical methods, and further, can process data in real time.
provide
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Satcoms based on modern digital satellites like C-Sat could provide affordable data links.
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Arcstar global services provide managed data , multimedia and Internet services to some of the largest companies in the world.
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We regret that we can not provide data or answer queries on articles or projects that are more than five years old.
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This means that initial conditions need to be specified soas to provide the data for the first set of calculations.
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SmartStream provides data access, distribution, presentation and development functions for managing purchasing, asset management and manufacturing systems.
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The behavioural specialists are responsible for providing data and attitudes for the policy-makers which should redress the balance. 11.
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It provides data on mobility as related to job change primarily for people in management, professional and technical occupations.
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Energy management Science offers a key to solving environmental problems by providing more data to construct better predictive models.
show
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Table I shows the demographic data .
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It will also show you which data files are associated with which applications.
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Jones showed these data to Fleischmann and Pons on 23 February.
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This chapter discusses these forms of the logical schema and also shows how the data structures might be described to the database.
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Multiple-outcome scales, often used to show two series of data simultaneously, are another danger in business graphics.
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Results Table I shows clinical data for all 23 patients.
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A, Sample traces showing examples of the data from which panel B was compiled.
store
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Microcomputers can not store as much data as the larger computers nor can they process it as quickly.
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It has a kind of cassette tape that stores the data from your hard drive.
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To store more data and programs when the power is off, most computers use magnetic discs.
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But more important, they stored their data in the digital form that computers so readily digest.
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They have become smaller, faster and able to store huge amounts of data .
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Flash memory is a type of semiconductor chip used to store data in computers and electronic devices.
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Loading and storing the data Manchester Computing Centre has a crucial role to play in the care of the datasets.
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It started out giving me many write errors and finally refused to store any data at all.
suggest
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The data suggest that gender role is influential.
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The data suggests that it is a bad idea if you are heavy cigarette smokers.
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Deuterostome radiations Molecular data r6-8 suggest a profound evolutionary gulf between deuterostomes and protostomes.
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Comparative data in Chapter 3 suggested that in most countries few adults are political gladiators.
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The data provided suggest that in all cases the prevalence of morbidity increases significantly with age.
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More recent data suggest that that trend is accelerating.
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These data suggest that the risk of liver damage is greatest in patients with active viral replication before operation.
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Moreover, the data suggest that Baumol-type models can account for only a very small proportion of total transactions balances.
use
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It is possible to use less than eight data planes and still get good results.
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Software Systems: Software for telephone companies; computer data management software for scientific community and others using large amounts of data.
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But it had always used its copious data for control rather than for information.
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There is nothing wrong with developing an additional test set using hypothetical data .
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The software then does the calculations, using built-in data on the energy cost of traversing different kinds of terrain.
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It uses multiple media data types.
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This means that they should use data that are based on people and defined events.
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School profiles were written using data from 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
comparative figures/data
▪
Comparative figures Prior year comparative figures have been restated to conform to the current year's presentation where appropriate.
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I do not want the comparative figures to be distorted.
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Inspection of the comparative figures is both instructive and startling.
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Significance levels for comparative data were determined by the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
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The comparative figures for 1991 were 25 and 19 respectively.
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The comparative figures one year later of 14% and 10.9% are still worrying.
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The most reliable of these comparative data measure voting in national elections.
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Whichever option societies take, comparative figures for the new disclosures will be required.
legacy data
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
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All the data shows that these animals are more adaptable than we thought.
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He has to trawl through vast amounts of economic data .
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The spacecraft has sent back new data about Jupiter's atmosphere.
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This computer can store as much data as many larger models.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪
A direct reading from graphical or tabular data is usually carried out successfully by a high proportion of low attainers.
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As a result a good model of the system may be obtained from a much smaller corpus of data .
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It was recognised that several sources might have to be approached in order to obtain comprehensive data on this subject. 4.
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Suppose we wish to send binary data along a telephone line.
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They emerged as I began thinking about and writing about the data I collected.
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Trade was also cautious ahead of today's economic data , notably December retail sales and producer prices.