noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a blood/brain/liver etc disorder
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She suffers from a rare brain disorder.
a donor heart/liver/kidney etc
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The technique keeps the donor heart beating while it is transported.
a heart/liver/kidney etc donor
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There is a shortage of kidney donors.
brain/liver/nerve etc damage
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If you drink a lot of alcohol it can cause liver damage.
heart/liver/kidney disease
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He is being treated for kidney disease.
liver sausage
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
acute
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In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure.
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Mrs Barnett, 35, suffered acute liver failure after a rare reaction to a drug.
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The site of increased resistance in patients with acute liver failure has not been clearly established.
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The aetiology of acute liver failure was viral hepatitis in all but one patients.
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This may indicate that other factors also play an important role in increasing hepatic venous pressure gradient in acute liver failure.
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The present study also shows a high prevalence of ascites in patients with acute liver failure.
alcoholic
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These results strongly implicate acetaldehyde as one of the important pathogenetic factors in the development of alcoholic liver disease.
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The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.
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This is the first reported study to show convincingly the presence of functional hyposplenism in patients with alcoholic liver disease.
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However, a number of problems confront investigators applying this technique to studies of alcoholic liver disease.
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In alcoholic liver disease, transplant assessment was considered appropriate in the case of sustained abstinence following medical advice.
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The role of these polymorphisms in a predisposition to alcoholic liver disease has now been examined in two studies.
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It seems likely that there is a similar under recording of alcoholic liver disease in the United Kingdom as a whole.
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There are several possible explanations for the finding of functional hyposplenism in this group of patients with alcoholic liver disease.
chronic
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Splenomegaly, ascites, and extrahepatic symptoms of chronic liver disease were notably absent.
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Discussion Portal hypertension usually complicates the evolution of chronic liver diseases.
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This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure.
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As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.
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The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.
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They may be appropriate, however, in patients where the history or examination points to systemic disease such as chronic liver disease.
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Liver transplantation has been gaining increasing support as a means of treating chronic end stage liver disease and fulminant hepatic failure.
normal
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All had normal liver function tests.
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Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.
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This particular patient had normal liver function tests and was in remission on sulphasalazine therapy only.
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Ultrasonography showed a normal liver , gall bladder, and biliary tree.
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Perhaps most important is the observation that up to a third of confirmed alcoholics have completely normal liver histology.
severe
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Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground.
■ NOUN
biopsy
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Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.
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In some cases, a liver biopsy may also be done.
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Within 48 hours of admission, all patients underwent a haemodynamic study during transjugular liver biopsy .
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Liver function tests and liver biopsy may also help in establishing the diagnosis.
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In four patients cirrhosis of the liver had been diagnosed at histopathological examination of liver biopsies .
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Plugged liver biopsies are both effective and safe when used to perform percutaneous liver biopsies in patients with impaired coagulation.
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A liver biopsy specimen taken from our patient shortly after reperfusion of the graft showed neutrophil infiltration.
cancer
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In March last year she was told she had lung and liver cancer , and without treatment would die within 6 months.
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He suffered a heart attack related to incurable liver cancer .
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Long-term consequences include chronic active hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer .
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Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer , which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.
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Most people who get liver cancer are afflicted with the hepatitis B virus.
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Some people progress to liver disease, cirrhosis and liver cancer , and the virus can be fatal.
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Honecker, who had terminal liver cancer , was considered to have only 18 months to live.
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Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis. 2.
cell
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It is also the major cause of primary liver cell carcinoma. 7.
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As you enter the liver , you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells .
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This substance is thought to bond to the walls of liver cells and eventually kill them.
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Such inhibitors also prevent the increase in calmodulin within the nucleus of liver cells following hepatectomy.
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Using virus vectors, Woo successfully inserted normal mouse genes for phenylalanine hydroxylase into cultured liver cells from the mutant mouse.
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The cells of the body are not all alike: there are liver cells, kidney cells, and so on.
chicken
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Frozen chicken livers are already cleaned, so if they are being used the only preliminary required is the thawing-out process.
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Slowly we pull it up through the resistance and find it filled with a light, savory chicken liver mousse.
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Add the meats to the pan with the chicken livers and brown on all sides, stirring constantly. 3.
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Strain sauce, return to pan, and add chicken livers and parsley.
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Pour it over the chicken livers .
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Add the cooked pork, cut in small pieces to the chicken livers in the blender.
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Reserve chicken livers for another use.
cirrhosis
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Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis .
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The most noticeable increase in discharges as a result of liver cirrhosis occurred between 1986-89.
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Hepatitis B is a disease affecting the liver which can lead to death through liver cancer or liver cirrhosis . 2.
damage
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The role of genes encoding other alcohol metabolising enzymes in a genetic predisposition to alcoholic liver damage has yet to be explored.
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In high doses, vitamin A can cause brittle nails, hair loss, headaches and liver damage .
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These data suggest that the risk of liver damage is greatest in patients with active viral replication before operation.
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Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.
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Their liver damage is usually mild, dose dependent, and reversible when the drug is stopped.
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This also seems to be the mechanism of piroxicam induced liver damage .
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Methionine or an alternative drug, N-acetylcysteine, prevents liver damage by boosting the levels of glutathione.
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They claim that he removed healthy wombs and bungled routine operations, leaving them with bladder, kidney and liver damage .
disease
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Patients with liver disease may be susceptible to infection, particularly when this is secondary to alcohol abuse.
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Ray, now 69 and terminally ill with liver disease , has repeatedly changed his story over the years.
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As controls, cryptogenic cases of chronic liver disease - that is without ANA-H or SMA-AA, were similarly studied.
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Testosterone administration can also increase ankle swelling in men who have edema from conditions such as liver disease or heart failure.
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The man drank alcohol but his liver showed no signs of alcohol-related liver disease .
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The diagnosis of chronic liver disease was made by accepted clinical, serological and histological criteria.
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The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma.
enzyme
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All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
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In newborns, especially premature infants, this liver enzyme system is not fully developed or functional.
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Blood chemistry was monitored regularly, but showed only moderately raised liver enzymes after two weeks.
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In some cases, experts note, the SSRIs can also affect liver enzymes that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs.
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Blood chemistry showed cholestatic liver enzymes and ultrasound showed dilated bile ducts.
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Women who nurse their infants need to be careful as well because babies lack the liver enzymes needed to break down caffeine.
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Interestingly, it is apparently not the nicotine in cigarette smoke that induces liver enzymes to work more efficiently.
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As with alcohol, liver enzymes are marshaled to attack the molecules and disable them as quickly as possible.
failure
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This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.
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Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.
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In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure .
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This caution can not be overstated in light of the decreased glomerular filtration often present in chronic liver failure .
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Death is mainly because of exsanguination or liver failure .
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She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.
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In this regard, increased plasma renin activity and decreased renal prostaglandin production have been reported in patients with acute liver failure .
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They said they were looking at complete liver failure , and swelling of the brain.
function
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Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.
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The use of rose bengal dye was the first attempt at assessing liver function through dye excretion.
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Serum urea, electrolyte, and liver function tests infrequently pointed to the cause of anaemia though they did identify coexisting disease.
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Hepatic damage has also been reported; thus, periodic liver functions should be done.
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In particular, the capacity of central nervous system centres to influence liver function has not been evaluated.
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Because the elderly often experience a decline in liver function , these drugs are metabolized at a slower rate.
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All had normal liver function tests.
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Although changes in liver function tests are very rare, three cases of severe acute hepatitis secondary to piroxicam have been reported.
injury
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Toxic liver injury was defined as such if recorded in the log book of the hospitals.
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However, the nature and severity of the liver injury associated with graft reinfection is variable.
oil
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She chewed hers and found it contained cod liver oil .
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The cod liver oil failed, and there was more misery.
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Check out the Seven Seas range based on nutritious cod liver oil .
transplant
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Two of these patients died and one survived after receiving an emergency liver transplant allograft.
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Lucky was put at the top of the national liver transplant list.
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Without a liver transplant those with liver failure will die.
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He is seeking a liver transplant .
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He specialised in liver transplants and technically complex pancreatic surgery.
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She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant .
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The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.
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Well, there are jokes about yeast infections, frostbite, liver transplants and cereal variety packs.
transplantation
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Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on 28 February 1988.
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Sixteen days after liver transplantation a deterioration in liver function tests occurred and liver biopsy showed cytomegalovirus inclusion bodies.
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However, liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma still has a place in carefully selected patients.
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One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.
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The increasing availability of liver transplantation during the course of the study meant that some individuals became eligible for this procedure.
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Indeed, chronic hepatitis C accounts for many adults referred for liver transplantation .
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We recommend liver transplantation as the only treatment likely to be successful in drug related submassive necrosis of the liver.
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Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery.
■ VERB
cause
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It could also cause liver and kidney malfunction and attack the central nervous system.
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Prolonged use of the liquid, which keeps children alive in the beginning, often causes liver failure later.
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The virus causes inflammation of the liver , but the long-term prognosis is uncertain in any particular case.
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Trichloroethene, a probable human carcinogen, can cause liver damage and genetic mutations in both human and animal populations.
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Stephanurus may occasionally cause severe liver damage in calves grazing on contaminated ground.
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Its build-up in the body can cause death by liver or kidney failure.
chop
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To prepare the stuffing, chop the livers finely and put into a bowl.
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Roughly chop the livers and scatter over the duck meat along with the ham.
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It is the crucial ingredient in chopped liver .
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Keep in mind that these are all sandwiches, not composed plates with the pastrami here and the chopped liver there.
develop
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She developed progressive liver failure and required a liver transplant.
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Without drug therapy she risks developing liver cancer, which would make a transplant her only hope of survival.
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Clearly, therefore, factors other than the cumulative amount of alcohol consumed are involved in determining which patients develop liver disease.
die
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This patient died of liver failure 2 months after the second operation.
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In 1973 Wendy Ellis, poor Wendy, a spinster, died aged thirty-five of liver failure.
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He tells me about the day his father died of liver failure.
produce
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A person with this disease can produce glucose in the liver , but can not supply glucose to the brain and body.
undergo
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One patient had undergone liver transplantation 6 years earlier.
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The long term prospects of the 48 year old man who underwent liver transplant are good.
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Three patients underwent successful liver transplantation and two others died of hepatic failure while awaiting transplant surgery.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
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Add the chicken gizzards and livers and saute for 5 minutes.
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As you enter the liver , you see ethanol molecules diffusing quickly out of the blood and into the surrounding liver cells.
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Deconvolution analysis of the TACs was used to improve separation of the arterial and portal venous phases of total liver blood flow.
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Early diagnosis and treatment prevents brain damage and liver cirrhosis.
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Here they're operating on the patient's liver .
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On the Loose After passing through the liver , you exit into a nearby blood vessel.
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She might have had an unknown liver defect or the symptoms were induced by the drug.
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The presence of liver disease may suggest a drinking problem, which predisposes the patient to forgotten head trauma and subdural hematoma.