Sak ‧ ha ‧ rov, An ‧ drei /ˈsækərɒf $ -rɔːf, ˈɑːndreɪ/ BrE AmE
(1921–89) a Russian ↑ physicist who helped to develop the Soviet ↑ hydrogen bomb and who was also known for being a ↑ dissident (=someone who criticizes his country's government and is badly treated because of his beliefs) . He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1975, but the Soviet government would not allow him to travel to Norway to receive it. He was sent away from Moscow as a punishment, until Mikhail ↑ Gorbachev became Soviet president and allowed him to return.