born Feb. 24, 1833, Vienna, Austria
died Nov. 29, 1895, Ellischau, Bohemia, Austria-Hungary
Austrian politician and prime minister (186870, 187993).
A boyhood friend of the future emperor Francis Joseph , he entered the civil service in 1852 and rose rapidly, serving as governor of upper Austria, minister of the interior (1867, 187071, 1879), governor of Tirol (187179), and prime minister. In his second term as premier, he forged a conservative coalition that restored a degree of order among the Austrian Empire's quarreling nationalities by granting concessions to the Polish and Czech nationalists and bringing them into the Habsburg civil service.