GOD SAVE THE QUEEN

also called (during a kingship) God Save the King British royal and national anthem. The origin of both the words and the music is obscure. The many candidates for authorship include John Bull (c. 15621628), Thomas Ravenscroft (c. 1583c. 1633), Henry Purcell (c. 163995), and Henry Carey (c. 16871743). The earliest copy of the words appeared in Gentleman's Magazine in 1745; the tune appeared about the same time in an anthology, Thesaurus Musicusin both instances without attribution. In the same year, God Save the King was performed in two London theatres, one the Drury Lane; and in the following year George Frideric Handel used it in his Occasional Oratorio, which dealt with the tribulations of the Jacobite Rebellion of '45. Thereafter, the tune was used frequently by composers making British references, notably by Ludwig van Beethoven, who used it in seven variations. From Great Britain the melody passed to continental Europe, becoming especially popular in Germany and Scandinavia, with a variety of different lyrics. Later, in the United States, Samuel F. Smith (180895) wrote My Country 'Tis of Thee (1832), to be sung to the British tune; it became a semiofficial anthem for the nation, second in popularity only to The Star-Spangled Banner. God Save the Queen God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen: Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the Queen. O Lord our God arise, Scatter her enemies, And make them fall: Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On Thee our hopes we fix: God save us all. Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign: May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen.