KAY, ULYSSES

born Jan. 7, 1917, Tucson, Ariz., U.S. died May 20, 1995, Englewood, N.J. in full Ulysses Simpson Kay American composer, a prominent representative of the Neoclassical school. A nephew of the New Orleans jazz trumpeter Joe (King) Oliver, Kay played jazz saxophone as a boy and later turned to piano, violin, and composition. After taking his B.A. at the University of Arizona (1938), he studied at the Eastman School of Music (M.A., 1940), the Berkshire Music Center, Yale University (with the composer Paul Hindemith), and Columbia University. After World War II Kay settled in New York and produced works for chamber ensemble (Suite for Strings, 1947), orchestra (Concerto, 1948), and film (The Quiet One, 1949). From 1968 to 1988 he was a professor of music at the City University of New York. Kay's music is characterized by melodic lyricism and tonal orientation (i.e., organized around a given tone as a focal point) supplemented by chromaticism (use of all tones of the chromatic scale, whether or not they belong to a particular key). In his later works he also used quartal harmony, or chords built of tones a fourth apart, rather than the usual third. His works include many film and television scores, among them his notable Essay on Death (1964), a tribute to President John F. Kennedy. Besides large orchestral works, including the Symphony (1967) and Southern Harmony (1975), Kay wrote chamber music, choral works such as the cantata Song of Jeremiah (1945), organ and piano music, short band pieces, and five operas: The Boor (1955), The Juggler of Our Lady (1956), The Capitoline Venus (1970), Jubilee (1976), and Frederick Douglass (1991).