SCHULBERG, BUDD (WILSON)

born , March 27, 1914, New York City American novelist, screenwriter, and journalist. The son of the Hollywood motion-picture producer Benjamin Percival (B.P.) Schulberg (18921957), who for many years was production chief at Paramount Studios, Schulberg grew up in Hollywood and became a reader and then a screenwriter after completing his education at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., in 1936. He began to write and publish short stories and became a member of the Communist Party, but he broke with the Communists in 1939, when they insisted that his first novel be written to reflect Marxist dogma. That work, What Makes Sammy Run (1941), about an unprincipled motion-picture studio mogul, was a great success. During and after World War II, Schulberg served as an officer in the Navy and the Office of Strategic Services. He was awarded the Army Commendation Ribbon for collecting visual evidence of Nazi war crimes for the Nrnberg trials. In 1947 he published his second novel, The Harder They Fall, a fictional expos of corrupt practices in professional boxing. In 1950 his novel The Disenchanted won an American Library Award for fiction. In 1954 his screenplay for the widely acclaimed On the Waterfront won him an Academy Award for best story and screenplay. In the 1960s Schulberg helped establish the Douglass House Watts Writers Workshop in the Watts district of Los Angeles after the riots there, and in 1971 he founded the Frederick Douglass Creative Arts Center in New York City. In Moving Pictures: Memories of a Hollywood Prince (1981), Schulberg described his childhood spent in the centre of the American motion-picture industry.