orig. Eugène Grindel
born Dec. 14, 1895, Saint-Denis, Paris, France
died Nov. 18, 1952, Charenton-le-Pont
French poet.
In 1919 he met André Breton , Philippe Soupault, and Louis Aragon , with whom he founded the movement they would call Surrealism . His subsequent poetry
Capitale de la douleur (1926), Les Dessous d'une vie ou la pyramide humaine (1926), La Rose publique (1934), and Les Yeux fertiles (1936)
is considered the best to have come out of the movement. After the Spanish Civil War he abandoned Surrealist experimentation. During World War II he wrote poems dealing with suffering and brotherhood that were circulated secretly and strengthened the morale of the Resistance. His postwar poetry, including Le Phénix (1951), was more lyrical.